Wilfried Krüger的变革管理冰山(Change Management Iceberg)理论形象地论证了组织变革的关键—— 应对变革障碍。
冰山之巅
根据Kruger的研究,大多数变革管理者只关注变革冰山的顶层(水面以上部分), 即变革所牵涉的成本、质量和时间等问题(问题管理)。
冰山之基
然而,冰山的水面以下部分,包含着变革管理更为重要的两个方面:
应对变革障碍所需采取的变革管理方式亦取决于两个因素:
1、变革种类
- 对待“坚硬的”挑战(如信息系统、组织流程),需要放开手脚大刀阔斧地废旧换新
- 对待“绵软的”挑战(如价值、情绪、能力),应对方法则复杂得多
2、变革战略
-革命性的、彻底的变革,如Business Process Reengineering[业务流程重组]
-渐进式的、递增的变革,如Kaizen[改善]
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变革相关者
- 变革的极力反对者,不仅对变革持反对态度,而且付诸行动阻挠变革,以免变革伤害到其个人利益。 需要通过感知与信仰管理,尽可能地改变他们对待改革的思想认识。
- 变革的积极促进者,不仅对变革持普遍的欢迎态度,而且从个人出发积极推动变革,以期通过变革实现个人的价值利益。 他们既利用变革,就必然支持变革。
- 变革的暗藏反对者,尽管表面上看似支持变革,事实上他们是对变革基本上持反对态度的机会主义者。 对待他们,除了感知与信仰管理之外,还需要辅以信息沟通(问题管理),改变他们的态度。
- 变革的潜在促进者,对待变革基本上持赞成态度,但由于各种原因对变革又显得信心不足。 这种情况下,就需要权利与政治管理。
应对变革
Krüger强调,变革管理是一项长期的任务和挑战, 冰山顶层的问题管理,只有与冰山底层管理保持一致,才有可能达到一定的效果。 冰山底层正是变革管理的基础,它反映出来的就是,人际行为维度和文化标准维度的权力与政治管理以及感知与信仰管理。
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文章: Wilfried Krüger - Implementation: the Core Task of Change Management, CEMS Business Review, Vol. 1, 1996
参考书: Michael A. Beitler - Strategic Organizational change - 
参考书: Linda Ackerman Anderson, Dean Anderson - The Change Leader's Roadmap - 
变更管理(冰山) 小组。

小组 (11名成员)
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变更管理(冰山)论坛。
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Engage the Opponents
When you engage the "tough nuts" on your team and get them involved from the outset, your chance of successfully impleme (...)
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Ethics in Change Management
What does one do when as a change agent, one realizes that what is being asked will finally be damaging to the growth or (...)
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 7个反应
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Who Moved my Cheese?
The book 'WHO MOVED MY CHEESE' is a very good book for management student.
Who Moved My Cheese was published in 1998. (...)
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Equilibrium of System
Managers should not forget that they are part of a system they work in. Even minor changes will have effects on how the (...)
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关于变更管理(冰山)的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。
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The ADKAR model by Prosci
The ADKAR model by Prosci (1998) helps to deal with the people dimension of change. It can be used to:
1. Diagnose empl (...)
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关于Change Management (Iceberg)(英语)的高级见解。在这里,您将找到专家的专业建议。
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I'll never use the term 'Resistance to Change' again Resistance to Change is a Defensive Attitude... I am working as a change manager in a German IT company. Somebody advised me the other day to read an article about resi (...)
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Addressing Concerns Against Change and their Remedies Change Management, Organizational Change, Turnaround Management According to Ken Blanchard in the article Mastering the Art of Change (Training Journal, January 2010), it is importan (...)
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Leadership Strategies for Change Initiate, implement, develop and sustain change In response to the high rate of change failure, Ken Blanchard and his team have developed the Blanchard Leading Through (...)
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Understanding Why Resistance Occurs Why Acknowledging the Power of Employees is Important The concept of bases of social power is very important for organizations in the context of change initiatives.
The sour (...)
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Role of Recruiting in Organization Culture So Hard? The ASA Model (Schneider) Organization Culture, Culture Change, Corporate Culture, Change Management, Recruitment Why is changing an organization culture so difficult? Because, once it is established, a culture has the tendency to str (...)
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What Change Agents Should I Use? Change Management, Organizational Change, Turnaround Management When choosing between internal or external change agents, organizations should consider following advantages and disadva (...)
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The Need to Communicate the REASONS for Change Change Management 1072 survey contributors commented on how improve their chances of thriving, by communicating in ways that build trust a (...)
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Assessing the Risks of Change and the Organizations Capacity for Change Leading Change In their book "Transforming Public and Nonprofit Organization Stewardship for Leading Change", James Edwin Kee and Kat (...)
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Critical Leadership Skills Tackling the Six Stages of Concern In order to tackle all six stages of concern mentioned by Ken Blanchard in the article Mastering the Art of Change (Tr (...)
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Six Crucial Mind Shifts for Strategy Execution / Implementation Change Management, Strategic Change, Resistance to CHange, Strategy Implementation Speculand (2009) suggests six mind shifts that people should consider when they're implementing new strategies in organi (...)
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Strategic Change: Why, What, When, Who and How Preparing Strategic Change If we need to change strategically, we need to think about why, what, when, who and how:
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The 7C Framework for Successful Personal and Professional Change Personal Change, Professional Change, Personal Transition, Professional Transition, Embracing Change In the article 'Managing Yourself: How to Embrace Complex Change", Brimm (2015) provides a framework of seven Cs that c (...)
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The Role of the CEO in Strategic Change Initiation Communicating Strategic Change In management literature the role of the CEO in formulating and implementing strategic change has often been emphasized. (...)
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有关变更管理(冰山)的各种信息来源。在这里,您将找到Powerpoint,视频,新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。
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比较: Change Model Beckhard[Beckhard变革模型] | Changing Organization Cultures[组织文化变革法] | Forget Borrow Learn[遗忘借用学习法] | Change Phases[变革阶段] | Appreciative Inquiry[肯定式探询] | Positive Deviance[正向偏差] | DICE Framework[DICE架构] | Force Field Analysis[力场分析法] | Core Group Theory[核心组理论] | Bases of Social Power[社会权力基础] | MSP[成功管理计划] | PMMM[项目管理成熟度模型] | Theory of Planned Behavior[计划行为理论] | Business Process Reengineering[业务流程重组] | Kaizen[改善] | Dimensions of Change[变革尺度] | Seven Habits[七个习惯] | Levels of Culture[文化层次] | Culture Types[文化类型] | RACI[RACI模型]
返回到分类主页: 变革与组织 | 沟通与技能 | 人力资源管理 | 领导力 | 计划与项目管理
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