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La Iceberg del Cambio de Wilfried Krüger es una fuerte visualización sobre cuál es la esencia del cambio organizacional: ocuparse de las barreras.
La parte superior del iceberg
Según Krüger muchos gerentes del cambio consideran solamente la parte superior del iceberg: Costo, calidad y tiempo (“El Tema de la Administración").
Debajo de la superficie del iceberg
Sin embargo, debajo de la superficie del agua hay dos dimensiones más de la gestión del Cambio y de su puesta en práctica:
- Administración de opiniones y creencias, y
- Administración del poder y de la política
Se presenta qué clase de barreras, y qué clase de Gerencia de Implementación es por lo tanto la necesaria, dependiendo de:
1. la clase de cambio
- "Sólo" cosas duras, rasguñar la superficie (sistemas de información, procesos),
- Cambios suaves, a niveles mucho más profundos (los valores, marcos mentales y las capacidades)
2. la estrategia de cambio aplicada
- cambio revolucionario, dramático como en Reingeniería de Procesos de Negocio
- cambio evolutivo, incremental como en Kaizen
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Gente implicada en el cambio
- Los opositores tienen una actitud generalmente negativa hacia el cambio Y un comportamiento negativo hacia este cambio personal particular. Necesitan ser controlados por la administración de opiniones y de creencias para cambiar sus mentes tanto como sea posible.
- Los promotores por otra parte, estos tienen una actitud genéricamente positiva hacia el cambio Y son positivos sobre este cambio para ellos personalmente, en particular. Se aprovechan del cambio y por lo tanto, lo apoyarán.
- Los opositores ocultos tienen una actitud genéricamente negativa hacia el cambio aunque parecen apoyar el cambio en un nivel superficial (“Oportunistas”). Aquí la gestión de opiniones y de creencias apoyadas por la información (Administración del tema) es necesaria para cambiar su actitud.
- Los promotores potenciales tienen generalmente una actitud positiva hacia el cambio, no obstante, por ciertas razones, no les convence (todavía) este cambio en particular. La administración del Poder y de la política parece ser la apropiada en este caso.
lidiando con el cambio
Krüger dice que la Gerencia General tiene una tarea y un desafío permanentes de ocuparse del cambio. sólo puede lograr resultados constantes en un nivel superficial con la aceptación que está debajo de la superficie. La base de la Gestión del Cambio está en ambas dimensiones, la interpersonal y del comportamiento; y la dimensión normativa y cultural; esta base está sujeta a la Gestión del Poder y de la política, y en la Gestión de las opiniones y de las creencias.
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Artículo: Wilfried Krüger - Implementation: the Core Task of Change Management, CEMS Business Review, Vol. 1, 1996
Libro: Michael A. Beitler - Strategic Organizational change
Libro: Linda Ackerman Anderson, Dean Anderson - The Change Leader's Roadmap
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Grupo de Interés Especial
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Grupo de Interés Especial de Gestión del Cambio (Iceberg) .
Grupo de Interés Especial (65 miembros)
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Foro sobre Gestión del Cambio (Iceberg).
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Mejores Prácticas
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Los temas mejor valorados sobre Gestión del Cambio (Iceberg). Aquí encontrará las ideas más valiosas y sugerencias prácticas.
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Consejos de Expertos
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Conocimientos avanzados sobre Change Management (Iceberg) (Inglés). Aquí encontrará consejos profesionales de expertos.
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I'll never use the term 'Resistance to Change' again Resistance to Change is a Defensive Attitude...
I am working as a change manager in a German IT company. Somebody advised me the other day to read an article about resi...
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Addressing Concerns Against Change and their Remedies Change Management, Organizational Change, Turnaround Management
According to Ken Blanchard in the article “Mastering the Art of Change” (Training Journal, January 2010), it is importan...
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Personal Networks of Successful Change Agents Leading Major and Minor Change Initiatives
Organizational change is often difficult to achieve because it disturbs the hierarchical structures and the way to accom...
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Leadership Strategies for Change Initiate, implement, develop and sustain change
In response to the high rate of change failure, Ken Blanchard and his team have developed the Blanchard Leading Through ...
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Understanding Why Resistance Occurs Why Acknowledging the Power of Employees is Important
The concept of bases of social power is very important for organizations in the context of change initiatives.
The sour...
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Key Success Factors when you're Designing your Change Management Program Best Practices, Change Management, Organizational Change
In their article "Making Change Happen, and Making It Stick" (published in the online edition of strategy+business, Dece...
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Role of Recruiting in Organization Culture So Hard? The ASA Model (Schneider) Organization Culture, Culture Change, Corporate Culture, Change Management, Recruitment
Why is changing an organization culture so difficult? Because, once it is established, a culture has the tendency to str...
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What Change Agents Should I Use? Change Management, Organizational Change, Turnaround Management
When choosing between internal or external change agents, organizations should consider following advantages and disadva...
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The Need to Communicate the REASONS for Change Change Management
1072 survey contributors commented on how improve their chances of thriving, by communicating in ways that build trust a...
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Assessing the Risks of Change and the Organization’s Capacity for Change Leading Change
In their book "Transforming Public and Nonprofit Organization – Stewardship for Leading Change", James Edwin Kee and Kat...
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Critical Leadership Skills Tackling the Six Stages of Concern
In order to tackle all six stages of concern mentioned by Ken Blanchard in the article “Mastering the Art of Change” (Tr...
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Six Crucial Mind Shifts for Strategy Execution / Implementation Change Management, Strategic Change, Resistance to CHange, Strategy Implementation
Speculand (2009) suggests six mind shifts that people should consider when they're implementing new strategies in organi...
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Strategic Change: Why, What, When, Who and How Preparing Strategic Change
If we need to change strategically, we need to think about why, what, when, who and how:
- Why do we want to change? - ...
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The 7C Framework for Successful Personal and Professional Change Personal Change, Professional Change, Personal Transition, Professional Transition, Embracing Change
In the article 'Managing Yourself: How to Embrace Complex Change", Brimm (2015) provides a framework of seven C’s that c...
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The Role of the CEO in Strategic Change Initiation Communicating Strategic Change
In management literature the role of the CEO in formulating and implementing strategic change has often been emphasized....
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Fuentes de Información
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Varias fuentes de información sobre Gestión del Cambio (Iceberg). Aquí encontrará powerpoints, videos, noticias, etc. para usar en sus propias conferencias y talleres.
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22 Best Practices in Change Management Change Management, Organizational Change
Presentation starts with short introduction of managing organizational change and then outlines 22 best practices in cha...
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The Nature and Complexity of Organizational Change Change Management, Organizational Change
Presentation about organizational change. The presentation discusses and highlights the complexity and multi-dimensional...
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Dealing with Strong Resisters Dealing with Resistance to Change, Change Management, Training, Workshop
Dr. John Kotter gives remarkable advice on dealing with "No, No, People" (strong resisters in change initiatives).
Acco...
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Avoiding Resistance: Communicate Organizational Change to Affected Audiences Organizational Change, Change Management, Change Communications
This presentation elaborates on the process of communicating change towards those affected by the change. The presentati...
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Tips for Successful Change Management Initial Understanding of How to Manage Change Successfully
Gavin Wedell explains that to change one's organization, one must change one's inner being.
In today's world market con...
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Effective Change Leadership and Management: Principles, Frameworks and Tools Change Management, Change Leadership
Comprehensive presentation on leadership and management in a change context.
1. Introduction and Overview
2. What is t...
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What is Change Management? Initial Understanding of Change Management
In this video Elissa Farrow from About Your Transition explains the relatively new concept of Organizational Change Mana...
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Professor Evans Explains Why Fast Change Requires New Ways of Learning and Thinking Action Learning, Coping with Change, The Need of Change, The Need for New Ways of Learning
In this historic video Action Learning Professor Reg Evans shows that it is very important to understand that today's ra...
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Dealing with Resistance to Change Change Management, Resistance to Change
This presentation focuses on resistance to change and ways to overcome or prevent it. The presentation has good graphics...
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Resistance to Change and Its Management Change Management, Resistance to Change, Change Resistance
This presentation focuses on a specific dimension of change management, namely the management of resistance to change of...
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Managing Organizational Change Change Management, Leading Change, Organizational Development
This is a presentation about the ways to manage change. The presentation includes the following sections:
1. Introducti...
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Change Management in an Information Technology / IT Context Change Management, Information Systems Planning, Information Systems Architecture, Information Systems Implementation
This presentation provides information about the planning and implementation of change, focusing on a context of informa...
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Managing Organizational Change and Managing Stress Organizational Change; Change Management; Stress Management
Presentation about organizational change with a special emphasis on stress management. The presentation includes the fol...
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Evaluating Organizational Change: Approaches, Reasons, Types and Processes Change Management, Success of Organizational Change, Organizational Learning
This presentation elaborates on how to evaluate organizational change. The presentation includes the main known approach...
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The X Model of Employee Engagement Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment, Amployee Attitude
Organizations aim for success. And so do employees. But individuals (employees, executives, managers) have their own def...
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The Importance of Adapting to Change Change Management, Need to Change, Change Management
Dave Weber reveals that Charles Darwin never said that the strongest of the species survives.
What he really said was t...
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Article by Krüger 1 Change Management
Part 1 of the article by Wilfried Krüger in De Wit and Meyer's Strategy: Proces, Content, Context. Used with permission....
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Role of Leadership in Change Management Change Management, Leadership
Clear presentation about the tasks of leaders in change management by N.H. Amer. First there is an outline of the person...
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Change Management Iceberg Diagram Resistance to Change
Download and edit the 12manage PowerPoint model for limited personal, educational and business use.
Republishing in int...
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Article by Krüger 2 Change Management
Part 2 of the article by Wilfried Krüger in De Wit and Meyer's Strategy: Proces, Content, Context. Used with permission....
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Enlaces de Investigación
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Compare Gestión del Cambio, con: Modelo del Cambio de Beckhard | Consideraciones para Cambiar la Cultura de Organizaciones | Olvidar, Tomar Prestado y Aprender | Las fases del Cambio | Indagación Apreciativa | Desviación Positiva | Marco de Evaluación DICE | Análisis del Campo de Fuerzas | Teoría del Grupo Central | Bases del Poder Social | MSP | PMMM | Planned Behavior | Reingeniería | Kaizen | Dimensiones del Cambio | Siete Hábitos | Niveles de Cultura | Tipos de Cultura Corporativa | RACI
Vuelva a la página principal de Administración: Cambio y Organización | Comunicación y Habilidades | Recursos Humanos | Liderazgo | Gerencia de Programas y Proyectos
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