Trauma and Frustration as Predictors of Martyrdom in Low SES Palestinian Males


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Trauma and Frustration as Predictors of Martyrdom in Low SES Palestinian Males
Dr. Jerry Smith, Jr., Consultant, United States

Ego Strength-Frustration Tolerance (ES-FT) Model of Predicting Violent Behavior


The psychology of martyrdom is a growing area of interest in today’s world. The need for viable means of confronting, addressing, and ultimately preventing the development of cultures of martyrdom is increasingly falling under the scope of psychology. As a result, mental health providers are in a unique position to take the lead in understanding this complex issue. To this end, this paper reviews relevant literature on the topic of martyrdom. Four typologies of martyrdom are defined, with militant martyrdom (i.e., suicide attacks) serving as the focus of the paper. The author reviews different perspectives of the etiology of militant martyrdom, reviews the literature, and concludes that frustration-aggression theory and the effects of systemic psychological victimization best explain this phenomenon. The author further proposes an ego strength-frustration tendencies (ES-FT) model for predicting the tendency toward related social roles based on the interaction of ego strength and frustration. The paper concludes with a discussion of the advantages, disadvantages, and implications of ES-FT.

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