Charismatic Leadership[魅力型领导]
(Weber)

知识中心

什么是魅力型领导？ 释义

根据德国社会学大师Max Weber的定义，魅力型领导（Charismatic Leadership）就是“基于对一个个人的超凡神圣、英雄主义或者模范性品质的热爱以及由他揭示或者颁布的规范性形态或者命令”的权威。在这种权威类型下，具有克里斯玛的领袖的魅力超出了人们的日常生活， 他将这种魅力（Charisma）定义为“存在于个体身上的一种品质，超出了普通人的品质标准，因而会被认为是超自然所赐，超凡的力量，或者至少是一种与众不同的力量与品质”。 这些品质普通人难以企及，往往被视为超凡神圣和具有模范性质，或者至少他们会将具有这种魅力品质的人视为领袖。 由于这种魅力超出了人们的正常生活，所以它难以用理性、美学或者别的观点加以解释。

具有超凡魅力的人有化繁为简的高超能力（如：马丁 路德金用一句“我有一个梦想”就表达了无穷深意）； 他善于利用符号、类比、比喻以及故事进行沟通和交流。 他无畏风险，是一个天生的乐观主义者，他具有强烈的反理性、反传统色彩，往往被视作异端。

和得到非凡表现从组织成员，有性格魅力的领袖被生动描述，当有Social Power Basis[社会权力基础]谱写音乐周转，发射新的企业，启发组织更新的组织英雄或不可思议的领导。 魅力型领导能够激发信心、信任和信仰， 当然，这不是说由此而生的组织使命就是正确的、符合道德规范的、终将成功的。
 

魅力型领导的起源。 历史

1920年代，韦伯区分了三种作为支配形式的领导、统治和权威的理想类型：

1. 魅力型权威（基于家族、宗教），
2. 封建/传统型权威（基于家族、世袭、封建)，
3. 官僚/法理型权威（基于现代法律、官僚体系）。

Robert House（1977）用了4个短语来定义魅力型领导：

1. 支配性的。
2. 强烈感染的。
3. 充满自信的。
4. 具有强烈的个人道德观感。

Conger & Kanungo（1998）描述了魅力型领导的5个行为属性：

1. 远见卓识。
2. 环境敏感。
3. 成员需求敏感。
4. 敢于冒险。
5. 反传统。

最近，又有人用戏剧性（Theatrical）来描述魅力型领导（Gardner & Alvolio， 1998） ： 魅力型领导就是一种富有戏剧性的印象管理过程，这一过程包括：取景、编剧、搭台、演出。 比较： EPIC ADVISERS[史诗顾问]。

魅力型领导的运用。 应用

• 困难时期或危险情境，如组织遇到突变时。 比较： Crisis Management[危机管理]。
• 根据Max Weber，魅力型领导不一定是一个积极力量。 甘地与希特勒同样都是非常典型的魅力型领导者。 比较： Servant-Leadership[仆人式领导]
• 魅力型领导的一些具体机制请参见Core Groups[核心组]理论。

魅力型领导方法的步骤。 流程

Jay Conger（1989）提出了魅力型领导四阶段模型：

1. 对环境作持续评估，形成愿景。
2. 运用动听的、说服性的语言和组织成员进行愿景沟通。
3. 构建组织成员的信任和忠诚。 下属出于自愿地、而非被强迫地支持领导者实现愿景。 领导者进而构建组织成员对他本人及目标愿景的信任和信心， 做到这一步，需要领导者的冒险精神、非传统的知识和经验、以及自我牺牲。
4. 实现愿景。 运用角色见模、授权以及一些非传统技术。

魅力型领导的优势。 优点

• 强势领导，绝对服从。
• 尤其适用于困难时期或危险情境，如组织突变时。 比较： Crisis Management[危机管理]。
• 有效。 如果领导者的愿景正确，其领导力无疑极为高效。
• 修辞能力。 比较： Framing[心理定格]。
• 精力充沛、内在清晰、远见卓识、反传统、具有模范性。

魅力型领导的局限。 缺点

• 强势领导，绝对服从。 日常月久，领导着身边会聚集的都是“唯命是从者”。 代表性差。
• 具有魅力型品质特征的领导者毕竟还是少数。
• 容易自我陶醉。 忽略现实。 对他人不敏感。 比较： Seven Signs Of Ethical Collapse[伦理的崩溃七个标志]
• 缺乏责任感。 无内在道德束缚。 领导者的个人价值观尤为重要， 这样的领导者即能够成就组织， 也能够毁灭组织。
• 变化莫测。 有潜在危险。

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：魅力型领导。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 开始一个新的论坛主题关于魅力型领导 在这里分享您的知识（或提出问题）   Know the Way, Show the Way and Go the Way... A CHARISMATIC LEADER is the one who: Knows the Way, Shows the Way and Goes the Way!... 8   2条评论 HOW MUCH Charisma is Best for Leaders? Charismatic leaders can motivate others to perform better. Therefore, charismatic leadership is sought-after in the workplace. Does this mean the more charisma a leader has, the more effective he or s... 8   6条评论 Peter Drucker on Charismatic Leadership In the late 1980s, I watched an hour-long interview with Peter Drucker. He was asked what he thought of 'charismatic leadership.' I will paraphrase his reply because I've referred to it many times in ... 6   1条评论 Personal Suffering by Charismatic Leader One element which enhances charisma is personal suffering undergone by the charismatic leader. This aspect is often not considered explicitly by researchers but it is very important as increases bondi... 6   Organisational Chart of a Charismatic Authority Colleagues can anyone suggests an org. chart used in a charismatic organisation?... 6   The Way Out of Charismatic Leadership. Transition Throughout the world we are seeing charismatic leaders suffering the penalty of not quiting whilst they were ahead. The failure to implement a transition to a balanced normality always seems to be the... 5   Ethical Behavior Crucial in Charisma Almost every political leader has its own charismatic attitude in certain situations. However, without moral or ethical behavior in the implementation of policies, we can not speak of charismatic lead... 5   Current Charismatic Leaders Who, at the present moment do you consider to be prominent charismatic leaders in the world today? Why?... 4   1条评论 Disadvantages of Charismatic Leadership One of the minus points of charismatic leadership is that the whole environment is not conducive for personal development. Either deliberately or otherwise, charismatic leaders tend to act as a bloc... 4   1条评论 Charismatic Leadership Differentiated Charisma... Is the distinguishing element of charismatic leadership. Charisma is contagious because of the charm content. Charming people can be very influential. Consequently, charismatic leaders are... 4   3条评论 Charismatic Leadership versus Inspirational Leadership There is a difference between charismatic leadership and inspirational leadership: while inspirational leaders have charisma and charismatic leaders inspire their followers, the main distinction is th... 4   1条评论 How Charismatic Leadership is Perceived in Diiferent Societies I suppose that charismatic leadership has a different meaning in different societies and organizations. 1. In a society, coming from dictatorial and one-man-leadership, a charismatic leader will have... 4   Toxic Leaders and Bosses - Lipman-Blumen Have you had to deal with a toxic boss? Someone who makes your life a misery? Someone who hounds you and who seems determined to make it miserable enough for you to say ��Ok you win, I�m leaving!� The... 4   1条评论 Elements of CHARISMA? C ommunication H umbleness A ssertiveness R esponsiveness I nspiration S elflessness M agnanimity A ppreciation.... 2   1条评论 Goal Oriented, Involving and Engaging Leadership In their article 'Assessing Leadership Styles and Organisational Context', Victor Dulewicz and Malcolm Higgs (Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2005, Vol. 20 Iss: 2, pp.105 - 123) group leadership int... 2   Conducive Circumstances to Charismatic Leadership Charismatic leadership is a big advantage when it comes to very complex social situation where people strength is the key. The leader inspires the masses with contemporary ideals relevant for the soci... 0   1条评论 Zuma: Charismatic Leader? Is president Zuma a charismatic leader or not?... -1   5条评论

最佳实践 关于魅力型领导的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 How to Become More Charismatic? A charismatic person is someone who attracts and inspires others by resonating an aura of charm and attractiveness. Charisma is a very beneficial personal characteristic to have, because it provides y... 24   15条评论 Charismatic Leadership versus Transformational Leadership I understand charismatic leadership. However, when looking at transformational leadership, there is so much integration and similarity that I am struggling to define what seperates the two.... 10   7条评论 Charismatic Leaders are Trait-driven: Neo-charismatic Theory of Leadership A trait is a tendency you have most probably inherited although it could have been learned. A behavior is an action. Here is an example. Let's say you get impatient in traffic. That is a trait. Once... 9   3条评论 Charisma Can Be Dangerous in a Leader Nearly all of the most destructive leaders in history--Stalin, Hitler, Mao, et al.--were highly charismatic leaders. On a PBS program more than thirty years ago, I watched the late management scholar,... 6   4条评论 Female Charismatic Leaders Are there or have there been any female charismatic leaders in past or recent history, or is this mostly a male dominated type of leadership?... 6   7条评论

专家提示 关于Charismatic Leadership（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 The Special Abilities of Charismatic Leaders Understanding Charismatic Leadership According to Lussier & Achua (2010), charismatic leaders have the ability to: - Garner strong personal attraction from ... How and When Ghandi Became a Charismatic Leader Analysis of Ghandi Leadership, Biography More about the mechanisms behind Charismatic Leadership can be found in a biography of Mahatma Ghandi (Eknath Easwaran: ... The Charismatic Leader is a Paradox How Charismatic Leaders Often Become Led... A leader leads. With theatrical or other attributes of charisma, certain people lead the led very fast. They accelerate ... What is the Most Important Attribute of a Leader? Quantitative Research Results According to recent research by James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner, being forward-looking - envisioning new possibiliti... Why can Charismatic Leaders be so Powerful? Understanding the Mechanisms behind Charismatic Power French and Raven have distinguished 6 bases of social power (excluding a 7th one: connectional power). Among these some ... Acronym: CHARISMATIC Leadership Traits Remembering Charismatic Traits C - Challenges his/her boundaries H - Honors his/her word A - Allows others to be empowered R - Results driven I - I... Organodynamics: the 3 Laws at the Basis of Performance in Organizations Strategic Performance Management, Leadership, Corporate Mission, Corporate Culture Sherwood (2014) introduces the concept of organodynamics, a concept that explores the level of performance that can be a... The Role of Rhetorical Competence in Charismatic Leadership Charismatic Leadership, Storytelling, Visionary Leadership In past research, only little attention was paid to the relationship that exists between Charismatic Leadership and Rhet... The Relationship between the Power of Leaders and Overconfidence Leadership, Power, Leadership Development, Executive Education Fast et al. (2012) researched the relationship between power and overconfidence. In many cases it can be seen that decis...

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研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源魅力型领导。 新闻 视频 简报   书比人好 学术的 更多

比较： EPIC ADVISERS[史诗顾问]  |  Seven Surprises[七大惊奇]  |  Leadership Styles[领导风格]  |  Hagberg Model of Personal Power[哈格伯格个人力量模型]  |  Leadership Continuum[领导连续体]  |  Level 5 Leadership[第五级领导]  |  Servant-Leadership[仆人式领导]  |  Path-Goal Theory[路径-目标理论]  |  Theory X Theory Y[X理论-Y理论]  |  Bases of Social Power[社会权力基础]  |  Seven Habits[七个习惯]  |  Results-Based Leadership[业绩导向领导]  |  Situational Leadership[情境领导]  |  Ashridge Mission Model[Ashridge使命模型]  |  Framing[心理定格]  |  Crisis Management[危机管理]

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