![Organizational Memory[组织记忆] (Walsh, Ungson)](images/picture_walsh_ungson_organizational_memory.gif)
什么是组织记忆? 释义
Walsh和Ungson的组织记忆法(Organizational Memory)是一项组织信息保持(Retention)、获得(Acquisition)与修复(Retrieval)的技术。
Walsh和Ungson建议组织记忆结构可以被分类在六信息“储仓”之内:
- 个体的、
- 文化的(故事、心智模型)、
- 转化的(组织内部各种流程)、
- 结构的(组织内的不同角色)、
- 生态的(组织的物理设置)、
- 外在的(信息文档)。
组织记忆指那些存储于组织内部、可以用于当前决策的信息。 这些信息并非集中存于组织的某一单元,而是分布、保持于各不相同的组织存储介质。 模型帮助HRM[人力资源管理]管理人员改进组织的机会通过塑造和影响这些存储单元更好利用其记忆潜力。
组织记忆的起源。 历史
理论上,有不少现代学者都对组织记忆进行过研究,发表过许多相关著作。 学界一致公认的是,组织记忆这一概念起源于20世纪初的相关研究,其代表人物有Durkheim和Vygotsky。 根据Wexler(2002),组织记忆最初源于Durkeim和他学生的一项研究,那时他们的研究对象是“集体记忆”(Collective Memory)。 Spender(1996)则认为,组织记忆与Vygotsky以及他的社建论(Social Construction Theory)有不可分割的联系。 他的理论依据是,在个体的意识发展过程中,社会活动的影响根深蒂固。 Walsh和Ungson(1991)援引March和Simon(1958)的研究认为,任何组织的记忆都可以通过一定的政策、程序进行存储。 但是,组织记忆的这一可保持特性也会导致一些消极后果。 Walsh和Ungson(1991)援引了Starbuck、Hedberg(1977)两位学者的研究来说明这一问题,他们认为那些结构化的历史记忆如规章制度等等确实会对组织造成伤害,尤其是当它们随着时间的发展逐渐失去原有的效用的时候,就有可能成为组织变革的障碍。
组织记忆模型的运用。 应用
组织记忆的优势。 优点
- 为人力资源部门在知识管理领域提供了一个简单、适用的架构。
- 让所有的组织都能够从学习、掌握自己的历史信息中获益, 不论组织历史长短(Berthon、Pitt & Ewing 2001)。
- 能够发展成为组织的竞争优势 (Wexler、Croasdell,2001)。
- 能够显著地减少组织的交易成本(Croasdell,2001)。
- 能够在组织中扮演一个政治角色。 这点亦同时有其正面和负面的影响(Walsh、Ungson,1991)。
组织记忆的局限。 缺点
- 过分强调组织记忆容易削弱组织的学习能力,导致组织僵化和盲目: 组织对于环境变化缺少长远眼光。
- 组织记忆是组织年龄、规模以及成就的函数 (Sinkula、Lukas,Hult、Ferrell,1996; Berthon、Pitt、Ewing,2001)。
- 历史会造成思维定势和Single-Loop Learning[单循环学习](Berthon、Pitt、Ewing,2001)。
- 存于组织文化之内的历史遗物如规章制度、组织架构,有可能成为组织变革的绊脚石(Walsh、Ungson,1991)。
组织记忆的前提。 条件
- 根据Walsh和Ungson(1991),在考虑组织记忆的时候,必须要意识到三个关键的前提因素: 获得、保持及修复。
组织记忆 小组。

小组 (5名成员)
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关于以下内容的论坛讨论:组织记忆。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。
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Memory is good only for history writers - in an ever changing market envir...
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比较: Bridging Epistemologies[桥接认识论] | SECI model[SECI模型] | Knowledge Management[知识管理] (Collison & Parcell) | Five Disciplines[五项修炼] | Organizational Learning[组织学习] | Theory of Mechanistic and Organic Systems[机械/有机系统论] | Action Learning[行动学习法] | Levels of Culture[文化层次] | Changing Organization Cultures[组织文化变革法] | People-CMM[人力资源能力成熟度模式] | MAGIC[MAGIC项目]
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