Expectancy Theory[期望理论]
(Vroom)

知识中心

• 关于12manage
• 主页
• 辞典
• 百科全书
• 题？
• 观点

• 注册
• 登入
• 帮助

• 变革与组织
• 沟通与技能
• 决策与评估
• 伦理与责任
• 金融与投资
• 人力资源管理
• 知识与无形资产管理
• 领导力
• 营销
• 计划与项目管理
• 战略与策略
• 供应链与质量管理

基于个体因素的员工绩效表现。 Victor Vroom的Expectancy Theory[期望理论]解析。 (‘64)

何为期望理论？ 释义

Victor Vroom的期望理论（Expectancy Theory）的研究范畴是动机与管理。 Vroom的理论假定，人类的行为总是从各种可能方案中进行有意识选择的结果， 选择的目的就是为了最大化快乐、最小化痛楚。 Vroom与Edward Lawler、Lyman Porter等人共同认为，员工的劳动行为和他们的个人目标之间的关系并不像从前科学家想象得那么简单。 Vroom意识到雇员的表现根据各自的因素例如个性、技能、知识、经验和能力。

期望理论认为每一个体都为自己设定了不同的人生目标，并对此怀有一定的期望，他们的积极性正因为有期望才被调动了起来。

期望理论的期望值

• 主观努力与客观绩效之间存在正向相关的关系，
• 优秀的绩效将会得到相应的奖赏，
• 这一奖赏使得个体的某一重要需求得到极大满足，
• 满足需求的热望，又恰恰是个体进行主观努力的力量之源。

Vroom的期望理论依据以下三种信念。

期望理论的信念

1. 效价（Valence）。 效价是一个心理学名词，指人们对于行动结果的价值评价（奖赏）。 员工所期望的回报既包括外在的如金钱、升职、假期、收益，也包括内在的如满足感。 管理人员必须识别员工的需求，并按照员工需求调整奖赏机制。

2. 期望值（Expectancy）。 员工们对于所从事工作能否达到某种目标的可能性有不同的期望值和信心程度。 管理必须发现什么资源、训练或者监督员工需要。

3. 手段工具（Instrumentality）。 员工们对于期望是否能够真正得到满足的感知，即便他们已经得到了来自上司的保证。 所以管理人员必须严格维持薪酬承诺。

Vroom认为，员工在其内心深处，已经将期望值、手段工具与效价三者建立起了关联性， 如此，就能产生一股向期望目标前进的激发力量，并带来愉悦，避免痛楚。 激发力量的大小可以通过公式来计算：

期望理论公式

Motivation = Valence x Expectancy(Instrumentality)，即激发力量 = 效价 X 期望值（手段工具）

这一公式可以用来揭示、预测： 员工的工作满意程度、职业选择、工作可能、工作投入，等等。

期望理论论坛   Is your Job Meaningful? Finding a purpose in your job is important for mil...           Can Perpetual Demotivation Be Reversed? Demotivation is like the decomposition process, on...           Human Motivation Lies Within A human can never be motivated. You can jus...           Extended Version of the Expectancy Theory (Lambright) Lambright (2010) addresses an important weakness o...           Creative Chaos is Conducive to Motivation When one considers motivation in business organiza...           Motivation is Owned by the Individual Motivation is a slippery slope. I believe Wlodkows...           Measuring Motivation:The PIAV Assessment When it comes to looking at the individual there i...           Motivation Should be a Two-way Process I think the motivation process between the manager...           Small Motivation Tips I would be more interested in easy small things to...           Effort Leads to Performance This is true in most cases, the more you put in th...           Motivating Workers: McGregor�s Example I believe that success in motivating employees is ...           Misunderstandings About Motivation Motivation is found to be hard by many people but ...           Expectancy versus Needs? There are many different ways to reach goals, but ...           Applications of the Expectancy Theory This is a very good summary of Expectancy Theory, ...           Problems with Expectancy Theory. Disadvantages A problem with Expectancy Theory is that it bre...           How to Align Vroom's Theory with Psychological Contract in Disengaged Employees? Has anyone/organisation successfully achieved mean...           Satisfaction from Achieving Goals Satisfaction will usually stem from achievement of...         8个主题 开始一个新的话题

期望理论 小组 小组

期望理论 培训|活动 搜索培训、会议及活动项目

最佳实践 - 期望理论 高级帐户   What Motivates Employees? The Answer Depends (Partly) on their Generation The age of retirement has been moved to 60, 65, 70...           How Can You Motivate Knowledge Workers? In the current 'knowledge era', the question what ...           Controlling the Minds of Employees I think there can be several way to achieve goals,...           Motivation in Non-Profit Organizations I'm having difficulties finding a theory to help m...

Expert Tips (ENG) - Expectancy Theory 高级帐户   4 Steps to Motivate your Employees... As a manager, you can motivate your employees appl... Usage (application)Using Expectancy Theory in your Department / Group       It's All About Perceptions! Note that what matters in expectancy theory are th... Usage (application)Implementing Expectancy Theory       Expectancy can be Unexpected! Be careful with assuming what the expectancy of a ... Usage (application)On Experts and Surprises       Relationships in Expectancy Theory The Expectancy theory focuses on three relationsh... Usage (application)Understanding / Teaching Expectancy Theory       The Effort -> Performance Relationship As mentioned in the summary, one of the expectatio... Usage (application)Coaching, mentoring       Reasons Why People are Doing Voluntary Work Voluntary work has long been seen as an activity p... Usage (application)Expectancy Theory, Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholder Perspective, Volunteers       Family-Work Conflicts (FWC) and Daily Job Performance FAMILY ROLES and WORK are two factors influencing ... Usage (application)Family-work conflicts, Coaching, Mentoring, Job Performance       Differences in Organizational Commitment Between Paid Workers and Volunteers Paid and unpaid workers in hybrid organizations Usage (application)Organizational Commitment, Employee Motivation, Non-profit Organizations

相关资料 - 期望理论 高级帐户   新闻关于期望 理论         新闻关于动机 员工         视频关于期望 理论         视频关于动机 员工         简报关于期望 理论         简报关于动机 员工         更多关于期望 理论         更多关于动机 员工

比较：  Hierarchy of Needs[需求层次理论]  |  Servant-Leadership[仆人式领导]  |  Theory of Needs[需求理论]  |  Hawthorne Effect[霍索恩效应]  |  Competing Values Framework[竞值架构]  |  Attribution Theory[归因理论]  |  Framing[心理定格]  |  Two Factor Theory[二因素理论] Hertzberg   |  Theory X Theory Y[X理论-Y理论]  |  Managerial Grid[管理方格理论]  |  ERG Theory[ERG理论]  |  Leadership Continuum[领导连续体]  |  Path-Goal Theory[路径-目标理论]  |  Leadership Styles[领导风格]  |  Situational Leadership[情境领导]  |  EPIC ADVISERS[史诗顾问]  |  Coaching[教练]  |  Mentoring[启导]

返回到分类主页： 变革与组织  |  人力资源管理  |  领导力

更多管理方法、模型和理论