Expectancy Theory [기대 이론]
(Vroom)

지식 센터

기대 이론은 무엇인가? 기술

Victor Vroom의 기대 이론은 동기부여와 관리를 다룬다. Vroom의 이론은 행동은 여러 대안 중에서 의식적인 선택의 결과라고 가정한다. 선택의 목적은 기쁨을 극대화하고 고통을 극소화하기 위한 것이다. Edward Lawler와 Lyman Porter와 함께, Vroom은 직장에서 사람들의 행동과 목적사이의 관계는 다른 과학자들이 처음에 생각했던 것만큼 단순하지 않다고 한다. Vroom은 한 직원의 성과는 개성, 기술, 지식, 경험과 능력같은 개인적인 요인에 근거한다는 것을 알았다.

기대 이론에 의하면 개인들이 서로 다른 목표를 갖고 있고 특정한 기대를 갖고 있는 경우에 동기부여될 수 있다.

기대 이론의 기대

• 노력과 성과 사이에는 긍정적인 상호관계가 있다,
• 좋은 성과에는 바람직한 보상이 따를 것이다,
• 보상은 중요한 욕구를 만족시킬 것이다,
• 욕구를 만족시키려는 욕망은 노력을 기울일만큼 충분히 강하다.

Vroom의 기대 이론은 다음 3가지 신념에 기초한다.

기대 이론의 신념

1. 유의성 (Valence). 사람들이 결과(보상)와 관련하여 갖고 있는 정서적인 지향을 가리킨다. 외적(돈, 승진, 자유시간, 혜택) 또는 내적(만족) 보상에 대한 직원의 욕구의 깊이. 경영진은 직원들이 생각하는 것을 찾아내야 한다.

2. 기대 (Expectancy). 직원들은 자신들이 할 수 있는 것에 대하여 서로 다른 기대와 신뢰수준을 갖고 있다. 경영진은 직원들이 필요로 하는 자원, 교육 또는 관리감독 사항을 찾아내야 한다.

3. 수단 (Instrumentality). 비록 매니저에 의해 약속되더라도, 원하는 무슨을 그들이 실제로 받을 것이라는 점을 직원의 지각. 경영진은 보상약속이 지켜지고, 직원들은 그러한 사실을 인식하고 있는 것을 확신해야 한다.

Vroom는 기대, 수단 및 유의성에 관한 직원의 신념은 심리적으로 상호작용한다고 한다. 이런식으로 그들은 동기적인 힘(motivational force)을 만들고, 직원들은 기쁨을 가져오고 고통을 피하는 방식으로 행동할 것이다. 이 힘은 다음 공식을 통해 계산될 수 있다 :

기대 이론 공식

동기부여 = 유인성 x 기대 (수단).

이 공식은 다음과 같은 것들을 나타내고 예측하는데 활용될 수 있다 : 직무만족, 직업선택, 이직예방 가능성, 업무에 쏟는 노력.

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동기부여에 관한 기대이론 관련개념 :  Hierarchy of Needs [욕구계층이론]  |  서번트 리더십  |  필요의 이론  |  Hawthoren Effect [호손 효과]  |  Competing Values Framework [경쟁가치모형]  |  Attribution Theory[속성 이론]  |  Framing [프레이밍]  |  Two Factor Theory [2 요인 이론] Herzberg   |  X이론 Y이론  |  Managerial Grid [관리망]  |  ERG 이론   |  Leadership Continuum [리더십 차원]  |  Path-Goal Theory [경로-목표 이론]  |  리더십 형태  |  Situational Leadership [상황대응 리더십]  |  EPIC ADVISERS 리더십모델  |  Coaching [코칭]  |  Mentoring [멘토링]

다른 페이지로 이동: Change & Organization [변화와 조직]  |  인적 자원  |  리더십

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