Stages of Team Development[团队发展阶段]
(Tuckman)

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什么是团队发展阶段？ 释义

Bruce Tuckman的团队发展阶段（Stages of Team Development）模型可以被用来辨识团队构建与发展的关键性因素，

并对团队的历史发展给以解释。 团队发展的五个阶段是： 组建期（Forming）、激荡期（Storming）、规范期（Norming）、执行期（Performing）和休整期（Adjourning）。 （休整期是在1977年后加入的。） 根据Tuckman，所有五个阶段都是必须的、不可逾越的，团队在成长、迎接挑战、处理问题、发现方案、规划、处置结果等一系列经历过程中必然要经过上述五个阶段。
 

团队发展阶段的起源。 历史

1965年，Bruce Tuckman （1938 -）发表了一篇短文，题为《小型团队的发展序列》（Developmental Sequence in Small Groups）。 1977年，他在1965年提出的四阶段中加入第五阶段： 休整期。 该模型对后来的组织发展理论产生了深远的影响，部分原因也许是它的分期比较押韵吧。

团队发展阶段的运用。 应用

• 组建、发展团队。
• 分析团队行为。

团队发展阶段。 流程

1. 组建期。 项目小组启蒙阶段。
   • 项目团队酝酿，形成测试。 测试的目的是为了辨识团队的人际边界以及任务边界。 通过测试，建立起团队成员的相互关系、团队成员与团队领导之间的关系，以及各项团队标准等。
   • 团队成员行为具有相当大的独立性。 尽管他们有可能被促动，但普遍而言，这一时期他们缺乏团队目的、活动的相关信息。 部分团队成员还有可能表现出不稳定、忧虑的特征。
   • 团队领导在带领团队的过程中，要确保团队成员之间建立起一种互信的工作关系。 指挥或“告知”式领导。 与团队成员分享团队发展阶段的概念，达成共识。
2. 激荡期。 形成各种观念，激烈竞争、碰撞的局面。
   • 项目团队获取团队发展的信心，但是存在人际冲突、分化的问题。
   • 团队成员面对其他成员的观点、见解，更想要展现个人性格特征。 对于团队目标、期望、角色以及责任的不满和挫折感被表露出来。
   • 项目领导指引项目团队度过激荡转型期。 教练式领导。 强调团队成员的差异，相互包容。
3. 规范期。 规则，价值，行为，方法，工具均已建立。
   • 项目团队效能提高，团队开始形成自己的身份识别。
   • 团队成员调适自己的行为，以使得团队发展更加自然、流畅。 有意识地解决问题，实现组织和谐。 动机水平增加。
   • 团队领导允许团队有更大的自治性。 参与式领导。
4. 执行期。 人际结构成为执行任务活动的工具， 团队角色更为灵活和功能化，团队能量积聚于一体。
   • 项目团队运作如一个整体。 工作顺利、高效完成，没有任何冲突，不需要外部监督。
   • 团队成员对于任务层面的工作职责有清晰的理解。 没有监督，自治，即便在没有监督的情况下自己也能做出决策。 随处可见“我能做”的积极工作态度。 互助协作。
   • 项目领导让团队自己执行必要的决策。 委任式领导。
5. 休整期。 任务完成，团队解散。
   • 项目团队。 有些学者将第五阶段描述为“哀痛期”，反映了团队成员的一种失落感。
   • 团队成员动机水平下降，关于团队未来的不确定性开始回升。
   • 项目领导： 为了形成新的发展阶段，有必要介绍关于新项目的好点子。 分离式领导。

团队发展阶段的优势。 优点

• 为团队发展提供阶段指导。

团队发展阶段的局限。 缺点

• 该模型是用来描述小型团队的。
• 实际上，团队发展轨迹不一定象Tuckman的描述是线形的，而有可能是循环式的。
• 该模型描述的阶段特征并不可靠，因为它主要考量的是人的行为，而当团队从一个阶段跨向另一个阶段的时候，团队成员的行为特征变化并不明显。 它们也很有可能会发生交叠。
• 模型没有考虑到团队成员的个人角色特征。 比较： Belbin Team Roles[贝尔宾团队角色]
• 在阶段发展跨越上没有给出时间框架指导。 这是一个主客观相结合的模型。

论坛讨论 团队发展阶段论坛。 开始一个新的论坛主题 分享您的知识或提出问题   How to Create Team Spirit? Who can give further input on how you can create team spirit? Thanks... 29   11条评论 Team Development Stages are Unknown... Not a lot of managers are aware of and can explain these stages. It's as if they think people should just come together ... 8   Relationship between Team Development, Management Styles and Leadership Styles What is the relationship between team development, management styles and leadership styles?... 7   1条评论 Tips on Returning to Office from Remote Work Who has any guidelines to be followed when most of the business is going back to normal and the office work is resumed a... 5   6条评论 Myths of Teams Here is one of my favorite topics for discussion. Since my first real job in 1969 I have worked in various types of... 5   15条评论 Social Facilitation Imagine that you are a newly appointed trainee at a firm, and your boss tells you to make a four-slide presentation, bas... 5   12条评论 Team Development Stages are Culturally Bound We have to consider the culture of the team; the stages of team development differ from one country to another.... 4   2条评论 How to Develop an Existing, Inherited Team (Watkins) Leading a team inherited from a predecessor is quite different from building one from scratch. Obviously, most newly app... 4   Validity of Tuckman's model for Team Types Is Tuckman's model valid across various types of small teams, such as: 1. Project teams, 2. Program teams, ... 4   Dreyfus & Dreyfus Model of Skills Acquisition According to brothers Stuart E. Dreyfus and Hubert L. Dreyfus (A Five-Stage Model of the Mental Activities Involved in D... 3   Teamwork Models and Theory I need a critical review of various teamwork and team effectiveness models/theories including strengths and weaknesses, ... 2   1条评论 Theories of Group Development I am writing a paper on group management (laboratory), can I get help about theory related to this subject, and if possi... 2   Team Building - How to Deal with Those Who Don't Want to Join Hi, I am heading a learning center with 60 staff. As part of a transformation process, we plan to have a team building e... 1   2条评论 What Features Set Sport Teams Apart from Organizational Teams? During major sport events, there's so much talk about sport teams. But, are sport teams a perfect microcosm for tea... 0

最佳实践 关于团队发展阶段的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 Factors for Assembling Project Teams Could anyone suggest some ideas around the sort of factors that both an organisation and project manager would consider ... 17   1条评论 7 Reasons Why Teams don't Work Despite the widespread belief that working in teams makes people more creative and productive, research consistently sho... 12   7条评论 Diverse Team Building DIVERSE (cross-functional, multidisciplinary, multicultural) TEAMS can be very creative and perform extraordinary well. ... 10   8条评论 How to Deal with a Team that is Stuck? I am interested in understanding how to move a project team forward from what I call being "stuck" - not sure about the ... 9   5条评论 Team Management Problem: BOOT Model I face a very unique problem in my problem related to team management. It is like this: I am project manager of an e-gov... 8   6条评论

专家提示 关于Stages of Team Development（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 COG's Ladder A similar 5 stages model A later, similar model (1972) is the one by a Procter and Gamble manager George O. Charrier who distinguishes an extra s... Developing Bold Teams Enforce Your Teams If you want your team to become a bold team, use these tactics: - Give positive feedback, and help team members grow, c... Mobilize the Expertise in your Team Early On Team Formation, Expert Power, Group Decision-making, Extroversion, Introversion In a short article, Bonner and Bolinger describe a surprisingly simple process to beef up the problem solving and/or dec... How to Determine in What Stage a Team is? Characteristics of Stages of Teams To identify each of the stages, the following stage characteristics could be useful: FORMING: 1. Members are trying to... Do you really need a Team? Before Norming Don't forget to ask yourself the question BEFORE you start forming your team or project: Do I really need a team? Can no... The Role of Team Familiarity in Project Team Effectiveness Team Formation, Team Building, Project Management Although managers intuitively understand that team familiarity affects the way a team or group will perform, the power o... Know Thyself Project Managers As Tuckman showed, a project manager needs different styles depending on the team stage. As a project manager, certain s... Patience Pays Off Project Management Perhaps the biggest lesson of Tuckman, especially for result-oriented project managers is to remember to plan and allow ...

信息来源 有关团队发展阶段的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Team Building Motivating a Team Positive, energetic presentation with breakout sessions on team building by N. Shrivastava. Topics: What is a Team? Adv... Team Building Introduction Groups or Team? Generic presentation on Team Building with some good graphics. Topics: Group vs Team, How to create synergy? Benefits of... Drivers of Team Performance Literature Overview The investigation of drivers of team performance has become the main issue of numerous publications in the last decades.... Team Building Tips Team Development Short document with some good tips to remember when you're building or working with teams.... Introduction to Tuckman�s Stages of Team Development Team Development Stages, Group Formation, Tuckman This presentation provides a brief and coherent outline of Tuckman�s Stages of Development. It includes the following se... Introduction and Summary of Tuckman Stages of Team Development Initial Understanding of Tuckman Stages, Trainings, Workshops Short introduction video explaining Tuckman's 5 stages of team development: 1. FORMING - Group is meeting and getting t... Employee Empowerment, Teamwork and Communication Performance Management, Employee Empowerment Colorful presentation with speaking notes about 3 tools to improve organizational performance: Teamwork, Communication a... Lencioni explains the 5 Dysfunctions of Teams Analyzing Effectiveness of (management) teams, Lencioni, 5 Dysfunctions, Team Building Patrick Lencioni explains his pyramid of the 5 dysfunctions of a team: 1. Absence of Trust - When team members are not ... The Basics of Team Development, Team Building and Teamwork Team Building, Team Development This presentation elaborates on the concept of team work. The presentation includes the following sections: 1. What is ... Leadership Styles and Team Cohesiveness Across Cultures Leadership, National Culture, Team Cohesiveness The goal of this study by Hein Wendt, Martin Euwema and Olena Zhytnyk is to clarify relationships between directive and ... Group Decision Making: Using Team Conflict to Drive Performance Group Decison Making, Group Dynamics, Conflict Management, Team Conflicts Mark de Rond of Judge Business School explains why and how we should get more comfortable with team conflicts. Many peo... Patrick Lencioni about Creating Trust by being Vulnerable as a Leader Patrick Lencioni Revealing the Basic of Real Leadership: Vulnerability Based Trust Patrick Lencioni explains how vulnerability-based trust is crucial for a leader to create a team. People will follow lea... How to Build a Healthy Organization (Patrick Lencioni) Understanding How a Leadership Team Can Build a Healthy Organization According to Patrick Lencioni there are four disciplines of Healthy Organizations: 1. Build and maintain a behavioral c... Introduction to Working in Teams, Team Work and Related Concepts Team Management, Team Work, Groupthink Presentation about teamwork, including the following sections: 1. Importance of Teams 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Definiti... Group Conflicts, Group Cohesion and Groupthink in Decision Making Group Decision Making, Conflicts in Groups, Cohesion of Groups, Groupthink Presentation about conflicts and cohesion in groups, and how it influences decision making. The presentation includes th... Increasing Group Participation: The 3 I's of Participation Increase Participation in Groups (Workshops, Trainings, Project Teams) Steve Davis explains his model to increase Group Participation. There are three types of participation: 1. Physical ... Introduction to Organizing and Managing Projects and Teams Project Planning, Project Management, Team Formation, Project Organization Types This presentation is about project planning and organization of project teams. The presentation includes the following s... Stages of Team Development Diagram Team Development Download and edit this 12manage PowerPoint graphic for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing in ...

研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源团队发展阶段。 新闻 视频 简报 书比人好 学术的 更多

比较： Team Management Profile[团队管理剖面]  |  Belbin Team Roles[贝尔宾团队角色]  |  PMBOK[项目管理知识体系]  |  IPMA Competence Baseline[ICB，国际项目管理专业资质标准]  |  PAEI[PAEI管理角色]  |  Action Learning[行动学习法]  |  Appreciative Inquiry[肯定式探询]  |  Leadership Continuum[领导连续体]  |  Situational Leadership[情境领导]  |  Johari Window[乔哈里资讯窗]

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