Stakeholder Analysis[利益相关者分析]

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什么是利益相关者分析？ 释义

利益相关者分析（Stakeholder Analysis）是一种力场分析法，经常性地被用来辨识和调查任何能够影响企业经营活动、或为企业目标活动所影响的利益相关集团或个人。 利益相关者分析辨识利益相关者影响企业或被企业影响的方式，以及他们对于企业自身、企业目标的态度。

根据爱德华·弗里曼的利益相关者价值观， 企业的根本目的是为所有利益相关者的利益服务。   据此，可以说，进行利益相关者分析是由企业的本质属性所决定的。 其实，就算我们认同的是股东价值观，利益相关者分析仍不失为实现企业经营目的的一个重要手段。

管理在企业运营中的作用，简而言之就是，执行企业战略并使得企业的每一项决策都能够符合所有或者至少是大部分利益相关者的利益，尤其要保证那些至关重要的利益相关者没有被忽略。

这里是一份典型性利益相关者的详细列表：

• 企业所有者、股东及投资人
• 银行和债权人

• 合作方和供应商

• 买家、顾客及潜在消费者
• 管理层
• 员工、劳资协会及工会
• 竞争者
• 政府（地方、省州、国家、国际）和行规制定者
• 专业协会和贸易组织
• 媒体
• 非政府组织
• 公众、社会、政治、环境及宗教团体和社区

在具体环境下，还能够甄别出更多更细的利益集团和个人。 有些个体可能分属多个不同的利益相关者集团。 有些利益相关者集团具有明确的、正规的组织机构。 利益相关者又可分为内部利益相关者（如企业员工）与外部利益相关者（如政府）。

所有利益相关者的利益与企业的成功和财富息息相关。 在某些具体情况下，某些利益相关者的利益会尤为突出，如：

• 当论及产品质量时，顾客的利益则显得尤为重要；
• 当论及工作环境及其安全性时，员工的利益就凸现了出来；
• 当论及环境或法规等问题时，政府则是非常重要的利益相关者。

我们还可以将利益相关者分为主要利益相关者（如股东）与次要利益相关者（如政府）。 至于如何精准地界定主要利益相关者和次要利益相关者，在实践中仍存有很大分歧和争议。

利益相关者分析的运用。 应用

• 识别、罗列企业的所有利益相关者

• 分析各利益相关者的利益所在
• 分析利益的潜在冲突
• 利益相关者分析图的基础
• 战略执行、决策制定的基础
• 评估现有战略
• 利益相关者沟通的基础

• 亦可用于项目管理之中

利益相关者分析的步骤。 流程

1. 辨识利益相关者（头脑风暴法）
2. 了解利益相关者的需求及利益所在。 并对利益相关者进行合理分类。 比较： Stakeholder Mapping[利益相关者分析图]
3. 对利益相关者进行优选、平衡、调和与整合
4. 将利益相关者利益纳入企业战略及行动方案

利益相关者分析的意义。 优点

• 企业能够更好地认识：

  • 与利益相关者的关系
  • 利益相关者为组织一员
  • 利益相关者对于企业的重要意义
  • 利益相关者的力量
  • 利益相关者的优先次序
  • 关联的潜在风险
• 企业能够更好地制定战略和决策
• 企业能够更好地执行战略和决策

利益相关者分析的局限。 缺点

• 因为利益相关者及其影响力、关联因素可能瞬息万变，所以，最理想的利益相关者分析应该是规律性的和持续性的。
• 需要注意的是，虽然企业的管理层不得不对每一利益相关者的地位进行评估， 但是，管理层的主观意志往往占据上风，并最终决定企业对待每一利益相关者的态度和方式。
• 完全满足所有利益相关者的利益需求，在正常情况下，也是不可能的。 由此，管理最终成为一种折中的或调和的行为，具体表现为以下两种方式：
  • 全力关注首要利益集团的同时，尽可能地或按需满足其他利益相关者。 首要利益集团可以是企业的所有者或股东（股东价值观），或者是企业的管理层自身。
  • 根据各利益相关者的分量、重要性以及急迫性，设法进行利益平衡与调和（利益相关者价值观）。
• 企业与利益相关者之间往往缺少一种建设性的合作关系。

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：利益相关者分析。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 开始一个新的论坛主题关于利益相关者分析 在这里分享您的知识（或提出问题）   How to Make a Decision in the Toughest Situations? It is easy to be paralyzed for decision makers when they are forced to make a decision in very tough situations, especially in those where they have understood all the facts and done all the analysis,... 24   24条评论 What if Key Stakeholders' Expectations are not Matching? How can organizations handle the situation where some key stakeholders expect high returns (owners, shareholders, investors, managers) while some other important stakeholders' expectation will increas... 18   10条评论 Typical Stakeholders' Contributions and Rewards Various stakeholders make different contributions to companies (organizations). And, in return they receive different rewards. Here is an overview of typical stakeholders, the main contributions they ... 16   9条评论 Dealing with Angry Stakeholders These days, many leaders and public relations officers are confronted with frustrated, angry individuals and stakeholders. Some are feeling gloomy, not hopeful about the future, some think the "world ... 14   4条评论 Satisficing all Stakeholders I like this article. It shows that no stakeholder is to be left out as all of them should be carefully understood and dealt with appropriately. But this also leave me with a question. Are we trying to... 8   3条评论 Going 'Virtual' with Stakeholders Increasingly getting work done or projects delivered requires a mix of stakeholder inputs, people in different locations, continents, organisations and priorities. No longer do we always sit at t... 6   6条评论 Key Stakeholders in the Agriculture Industry An agriculture industry in development countries is yet to be established because of limited resources, lack of innovation and research, and ineffective extension services in agriculture. Governm... 2

最佳实践 关于利益相关者分析的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 Avoiding Subjectivity in Stakeholder Analysis As correctly stated in the excellent article above, any stakeholder analysis is typically the sum of the SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTIONS of the management team of the company. This means that if these percepti... 13   6条评论 Consequences of not Doing a Stakeholder Analysis? First excuse my writing. Personally I like the article, it gives me a notion of what to expect from a stakeholder analysis. There is one thing that I would like to know. What is the consequence of NOT... 11   5条评论

专家提示 关于Stakeholder Analysis（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 Multiple Perspectives of Analyzing Stakeholders Clustering Stakeholders Ian Mitroff, Emeritus Professor from the University of Southern California, identified seven categories of stakeholder p... How to Reduce Stakeholder Complexity Stakeholder Analysis Tool A useful tool to understand what is happening in a complex situation is the Black Box. It is a strategy for investigati... The Role of the CEO in Strategic Change Initiation Communicating Strategic Change In management literature the role of the CEO in formulating and implementing strategic change has often been emphasized.... The Maturity Stages of Corporate Responsibility Organizational Development, Corporate Responsibility Maturity Simon Zadek provides a useful best practice five-stage maturity model of how organizations deal with Corporate Responsib... How to Effectively Conduct a Stakeholders Meeting? Stakeholder Meetings, Best Practices Here are a few tips to effectively manage a stakeholders meeting: 1. Try to avoid getting into details and drawn into...

信息来源 有关利益相关者分析的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Framing in the Context of Conflicts Framing, Negotiation, Collective Bargaining, Stakeholder Analysis, Force Field Analysis, Conflict Management Framing and conflicts This presentation elaborates on the extent to which framing relates to conflicts (and its resolut... Project Communication Planning Project Communications Plan, Project Management, Project Communication Plan, Project Stakeholder Analysis This presentation is about communication, specifically focusing on communciation during projects. The presentation inclu... The Strategic Role of Public Relations and Communication in Business Public Relations, Strategic Management, Corporate Responsibility, Stakeholder Management, Stakeholder Analysis Presentation about the role public relations and communications in business strategy implementation and execution. The p... Introduction to Stakeholder Management Introduction to Stakeholder Management David Butter explains what stakeholders are and their importance for organizations, distinguishing internal from externa... Stakeholder Analysis Diagrams Stakeholder Management Download and edit these 12manage PowerPoint graphics for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing i...

研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源利益相关者分析。 新闻 视频 简报   书比人好 学术的 更多

比较： Stakeholder Mapping[利益相关者分析图]  |  Force Field Analysis[力场分析法]  |  Stakeholder Value Perspective[利益相关者价值观]  |  Shareholder Value Perspective[股东价值观]  |  Ashridge Mission Model[Ashridge使命模型]  |  Clarkson Principles[克拉克森原则]  |  Intrinsic Stakeholder Commitment[内部相关者认同]  |  Strategic Stakeholder Management[利益相关者战略管理]  |  PEST Analysis[PEST分析]  |  Crisis Management[危机管理]  |  Scenario Planning[情境规划]

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