Management by Objectives[目标管理]。 SMART[SMART管理法]
(Drucker)

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什么是目标管理？ 释义

目标管理（Management by Objectives）就是为每一名员工制定具体的目标任务，并以这些既定的目标去激励、引导、比较员工的工作绩效。 目标管理的目的是，将组织整体目标逐级转化位下属单位和个人的子目标，形成一个完整的目标考评体系，以此来提高组织绩效。 最理想的情况是，由于组织的重视与投入，每一名员工都非常清楚自己的工作目标、任务周期等与之工作紧密相关的内容。
目标管理包括持续跟踪生产运营流程并不断提供反馈意见，直至实现目标。

Peter Drucker

目标管理由管理学大师Peter Drucker提出，首先出现于他的著作《管理实践》（The Practice of Management）一书中，该书于1954年出版。 根据Drucker的说法，管理人员一定要避免“活动陷阱”（Activity Trap），不能只顾低头拉车，而不抬头看路，最终忘了自己的主要目标。 MBO的一个重要概念是企业战略规划不能仅有几个高管来执行，所有管理人员都应该参与进来，这将更有利于战略的执行。 另一个相关概念是，企业要设计有一个完整的绩效系统，它将帮助企业实现高效运作。 由此，可以将目标管理视为Value Based Management[价值管理]的前身。

目标管理原则

• 组织目标任务要向下细分转化。

• 要为每一名组织成员制定具体的目标。

• 所有管理人员参与决策。

• 要有明确的时间范围。

• 对绩效进行评估，并提供反馈。

目标管理中有一项SMART法，用以判断目标的有效性。具体解析如下：

• 具体的（Specific）

• 可测的（Measurable）

• 可完成的（Achievable）

• 现实的（Realistic）

• 有时间维度的（Time-related）

1990年代，Peter Drucker在阐释目标管理的意义和重要性时说： “它仅仅是一个管理工具， 绝不是治疗管理疾病的灵丹妙药。 目标管理只有当你真正知道自己的目标时，才会发挥作用。不幸的是，90%的情况下，你并不知道自己的目标是什么。”

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：目标管理 / SMART管理法。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 开始一个新的论坛主题关于目标管理 / SMART管理法 在这里分享您的知识（或提出问题）   参与的管理层越多，是否会增加内耗 目标管理很好，但是个人认为得看这个项目的大小，如果是小项目，每个决策都要很多领导参加，可能会增加内耗。时间和人力成本都会增加。... 1   1条评论 🔥 新 目标管理的层次问题 1、目标管理来源于目标体系的设计 2、目标体系包括：企业组织层面的战略目标（分阶段的战役目标）、具体业务制造工艺技术层次目标、最后是工作�... -1   How to Implement Management By Objectives? How should one implement management by objectives?... 13   Objectivity in the Measuring / Evaluating Objectives Drucker introduced a very pertinent concept in management which - if effectively implemented - brings about noticeable improvements in organization. However, the challenge being faced is the objectiv... 11   Management By Objectives Examples Can anyone give some examples of organizations using MBO successfuly today?... 9   2条评论 Management by Objectives vs. Control Self Assessment In the principle of Management By Objective, MBO, just like Facilitated Team Workshop in Control Self Assessment, CSA, points out the importance of involvement of employees in decision making. This m... 8   How to Set and Reach your Personal Goals / Objectives At the end of each year, many of us are intrigued by the idea of new year's resolutions. While it is always better to have one than nothing, a fact about new years resolution that may surprise you is ... 8   2条评论 Mitigating the Disadvantages of Management By Objectives How can we deal with the disadvantages of MBO?... 6   What Exactly are 'Objectives' in Management by Objectives? In Management by Objectives, "objectives" represent annual marks that your program needs to achieve in order to accomplish its goals by the end of the year. Work plan objectives are based on the strat... 6   2条评论 Management by Objectives and Clear Objectives MBO gives clear direction to an employee what he is paid to do.... Under SMART whatever you do beyond set objectives goes in vain... Clearly defined objectives will be a greater use to him to avoid th... 5   Setting SMART Objectives What would be the best SMART objectives to set for the first-line manager, who just started on the job in the retail industry in the current economic crisis... 5   1条评论 SMARTER Management by Objectives In the 90s when Drucker refined his 1954 work on MBO, he puts in the caveat "if you know the objectives� 90% of the time you don't". This meant to me that we work 90% of the time without a bearing an... 3   Is Management By Objectives Transferable to the Care Sector? I'm currently working in care as a team leader and I'm looking for a good way to manage staff. Any suggestions/experiences on whether or not MBO is transferable to this environment?... 2   5条评论 Great Book on Management by Objectives A great book I wrote to learn about Management by Objectives is "Performance Reviews, The Bad, The Ugly... The Alternative". Traditional employee performance reviews are mandated in most companies bu... 2   Management by Initiatives! To my personal considerations, MBO has had its day. It's time to add a new dimension to this 'age old' management style which reminds me of macho-management of the 60's and 70's (sic). What should r... 2   Management by Objectives Needs Tracking and Feedback I would like to dedicate my opinion on MBO. It aims to increase organizational performance by aligning goals and subordinate objectives throughout the organization. MBO includes ongoing tracking and f... 1   Mission Statements and Management by Objectives Many organisations have a mission statement that tries to encapsulate the overall strategic management of their company. Such statements are designed to implicitly state the organisations objectives ... 0   1条评论 SMART is Always Smart... This is called you define your objectives... Though the implementation is tough.. The results are far from your imagination... Thats how they say... "good things don't come easily" - good to read it h... 0   1条评论 Does Management by Objectives Work in a Church? I find a lot of problems in church as a pure non profit organization. There is no a clear vision. There are not measurable objectives. How can I implement MBO in church?... 0   8条评论 Circumstances for Management By Objectives? MBO is applicable in the right situation / circumstances only: in small and middle business scale. My experience is not really good when I was CEO for a big company with over 3,000 workers with hetero... -2   2条评论

最佳实践 关于目标管理 / SMART管理法的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 🥇 Reference of SMART Goals Does anyone know the reference for SMART goals? I checked in Peter Drucker�s book: �The practice of management� and did not find it. Is really Peter Drucker who invented this acronym? Thank you,... 67   4条评论 🥈 The Essence of Management by Objectives (MBO) MBO somewhat resembles farming, each animal or plant is allowed to individually produce a product. The farmer is there to give guidance, to control and support the process. Whatever you can imagine f... 62   1条评论 🥉 Disadvantages of Management by Objectives? I'm trying to build a complete list of all disadvantages of Management by Objectives: 1. May lead to suboptimalization: people or departments are not stimulated to look beyond their own objectives an... 60   4条评论 SMART Management Works! A very nice article. Organizations transcend from good to great because people use SMART goals as foundation for every day work and strive every day to beat the goals.... 50   2条评论 Management By Objectives in Public Management How to introduce Management By Objectives (MBO) in public organizations? Who can share some experiences? Thanks...... 21   3条评论 What Consequences if Top Executive don't do what they Promised Can somebody give exemples or hints of what kind of consequences the CEO of a company could take if his executive team repetively doesn't deliver what they promised?... 20   1条评论 Mutual Commitment is the Basis of Management by Objectives The idea of Peter Drucker on management by objectives is based on the integration of different hierarchical levels of the company. The common point is the commitment, responsibility and maturity. It i... 19   Procedure on Developing Objectives and Monitoring I am in urgent need of subject procedure and willing to pay. I.e. what's the procedure on writing SMART objectives and monitoring through scorecards.... 19   1条评论 Management by Planning Should Replace Management by Objectives 2 of the most respected men in management theory, Drucker and Deming, disagreed over MBO. Deming proposed that MBO did not take into account the scientific difference in variation of results caused by... 18   Achievable vs. Realistic I don`t see much difference between the terms "Achievable" and "Realistic", I`d rather say "Results-oriented" or "Results-directed".... 12   3条评论 Turning the Objectives into Actions Drucker rightly identified the need for strategy and objectives, but did not pursue how to turn the objectives into actions. We have.... 8   4条评论

专家提示 关于Management by Objectives, SMART（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 Advantages of Management by Objectives for the Organization Benefits of MBO at Firm Level MBO has many benefits for the various parties concerned. Some benefits of MBO for the organization are: 1. The effecti... Advantages of Management by Objectives for the Employee Benefits of MBO for Employees MBO has many benefits for the various parties concerned. Some benefits of MBO for the employee are: 1. He knows what h... Advantages of Management by Objectives for the Manager Benefits of MBO for Managers MBO has many benefits for the various parties concerned. Some benefits of MBO for the manager are: 1. Motivates the su... Guidelines for Managing by Objectives Implementing Management by Objectives, Best Practices W. A. Danny developed 10 rules for MBO systems to be effective: 1. The boss must be devoted to and involved in the MBO ... How Management By Objectives Establishes Buy-In, Commitment and Engagement Employee Participation The most critical obstacles in managing is none other than the buy-in or commitment of the team. Or what the newly fad t... Other Versions of SMART Method: SMARTIE MBO We often use 2 extra terms in SMART and then call it SMARTIE: - Inspiring - Enthousiasm. It puts the word SMART into ... Best Practices to Better Target Setting Management by Objectives, SMART, Business Performance Management, Balanced Scorecard, KPIs, CSFs In most organizations it is very common to specify organizational targets with the aim of increasing performance. This s... Management by Dynamic Objectives (MBDO) Implementing a Flexible MBO System Normally MBO works with a particular time frame in mind. Over that period, various kinds of objectives are set and striv... Managing Intelligent People People Management Remember it's best to tell clever people WHAT you want, not HOW to do it... You will find these people more responsive ... Fairness of Managers and Leaders: are Fair Leaders More Effective? Management, Leadership, HR, Performance Appraisals In many studies the relationship between fairness and effective leadership is studied. Managers and leaders are often re...

信息来源 有关目标管理 / SMART管理法的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Introduction to Management by Objectives (Drucker) Management by Objectives, MBO This presentation covers the concept of Management By Objectives, and includes the following sections: 1. What is Manag... Management by Objectives vs Management by Walking Around vs Management by Exception MBO MBWA MBE In depth presentation on Management by Objectives, Management by Walking Around, Management by Exception... SMART Goal Setting Template Goal Setting Editable MS-Word template to define and set goals in a SMART way. Besides SMART, also Importance, Benefits, Obstacles, A... Employee Performance Management and Performance Appraisals (In depth) Performance Appraisals, Performance Management, Employee Performance In depth presentation about Performance Management and Performance Appraisal. The presentation clearly explains both con... Human Motivation Employee Motivation Comprehesive presentation on Human / Employee Motivation. Topics: 1. What is motivation? 2. How do needs motivate peo... Goal Setting: Purpose, Models and Steps Goal Setting, FRAME Model, SMART Goals, Motivation, Commitment This presentation provides information about goal setting in organizations, and includes the following sections: 1. Wha... Management by Objectives Diagram Management by Objectives Download and edit this 12manage PowerPoint graphic for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing in ... Peter Drucker's Five Questions Management by Objectives When Peter Drucker was introduced to a new business, he always began the conversation with five questions: What is y... Biography and Background of Peter Drucker Overview of Peter Drucker's Life and Writings Short description of his life and work on management including his main writings. His new ideas on decentralization (af...

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比较： CSFs和KPIs[关键成功因子和关键绩效指标]  |  Scientific Management[科学管理]  |  Value Based Management[价值管理]  |  Results-Based Leadership[业绩导向领导]  |  RACI[RACI模型]  |  Change Management[变革管理]  |  Seven Habits[七个习惯]  |  Seven Surprises[七大惊奇]  |  Path-Goal Theory[路径-目标理论]  |  Leadership Continuum[领导连续体]  |  Result Oriented Management[业绩导向管理]  |  Hoshin Kanri[方针管理] - Policy Deployment[政策展开]

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