Six Sigma-Ansatz | Six Sigma-methodik | Six Sigma-prozess | Six Sigma-modell

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Das Six Sigma Modell ist ein in hohem Grade disziplinierter Ansatz, der Firmen helfen kann, sich auf das Entwickeln und das Liefern fast perfekter Produkte und Dienstleistungen zu fokussieren. Es basiert auf der statistischen Arbeit von Joseph Juran, ein in Rumänien geborener U.S. Pionier des Qualitätsmanagements. Das Wort „Sigma“ ist ein griechisches Zeichen, das für einen statistischen Begriff benutzt wird, der mißt, wie weit ein gegebener Prozess von der Perfektion abweicht (Standardabweichung). Wenn die Sigmazahl höher ist, sind Sie näher an der Perfektion. Ein Sigma ist nicht sehr gut; Sechs Sigma ist als nur 3.4 Defekte pro Million definiert. Die zentrale Idee hinter Six Sigma ist, dass, wenn Sie messen können, wieviele „Defekte“ Sie in einem Prozess haben, Sie systematisch herausfinden können, wie Sie diese beseitigen können. So können Sie fast „null Defekte“ erreichen.

Der japanische Ursprung von Six Sigma kann immer noch durch das System „der Gürtel“ gesehen werden, die es benutzt. Wenn Ihnen Six Sigma neu ist und Sie an einem grundlegenden Training teilnehmen, erhalten Sie einen grünen Gürtel. Jeder, der die Verantwortlichkeit für das Führen eines Six Sigma Teams hat, wird als schwarzer Gürtel bezeichnet. Schließlich gibt es eine spezielle Elitegruppe, die Master Black Belts genannt wird, und die die schwarzen Gürtel überwachen.

Fünf Schritte in Six Sigma. Prozess

Gewöhnlich hat ein Six Sigma Prozess die folgenden fünf Phasen:

1. Definition. Der erste Schritt in jedem Six Sigma Projekt ist, das Problem zu erklären und seinen Umfang zu verkleinern, so dass meßbare Ziele innerhalb einiger Monate erreicht werden können. Dann wird ein Team gebildet, um den Prozess im Detail zu überprüfen, Verbesserungen vorzuschlagen und jene Empfehlungen einzuführen. Im produzierenden Gewerbe fangen Projekt-Manager und ihre Sponsoren gewöhnlich an, indem sie definieren, was einen Defekt hervorruft und etablieren dann einen Satz an Zielsetzungen, die entworfen sind, um das Auftreten solcher Defekte zu verringern.
2. Bewertung. Im zweiten Schritt eines Six Sigma Projektes erfasst das Team Daten und bereitet sie für hochqualifizierte Analysen auf.
3. Analyse. Sobald ein Prozess abgebildet und dokumentiert worden ist und die Qualität der harten unterstützenden Daten überprüft worden ist, kann das Six Sigma Team mit der Analyse beginnen. Die Teammitglieder beginnen normalerweise, indem sie die Weisen identifizieren, in denen Leute nicht so agieren können, wie es benötigt wird, oder indem sie die Weisen identifizieren, in denen Leute keine effektive Kontrolle in jeder Phase sicherstellen können.
4. Verbesserung. Empfehlen Sie, beschließen Sie und führen Sie Verbesserungen ein.
5. Kontrolle. In der letzten Phase eines Six Sigma Projektes schafft das Team Kontrollen. Diese ermöglichen der Firma, die Verbesserungen zu unterstützen und zu verlängern.

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