3 Levels of Culture [조직의 문화수준]
(Schein)

지식 센터

우리는 문화속에 살고 있다. 문화는 도처에 깊게 자리잡고 있으며 매우 복잡하다.

그러나 Edgard Schein에 따르면 만일 우리가 문화를 변화에 대한 저항의 주요한 원천으로 받아들이지 않는다면, 우리는 조직의 학습, 개발 및 계획된 변화를 이해할 수 없게 된다고 한다.

나아가 만일 매니저들이 자신들이 자리잡고 있는 문화를 의식하지 못한다면 그러한 문화가 그들을 조종할 것이라 한다. 문화적인 이해는 모두를 위해 바람직하다. 그러나 조직을 이끌어가야할 리더들에게는 필수적인 것이다.

Edgard Schein는 3가지 수준의 문화로 실제로 조직의 문화가 어떠한 것인지를 정의하는데 중요한 기여를 하였다.

조직의 3가지 문화수준이란 무엇인가? 기술

Schein는 조직의 문화를 3가지 수준으로 나누었다.

1. 인공물(Artifacts). 이러한 "인공물"은 외부에 있다. 쉽게 분별될 수 있는 이러한 측면들은 그러나 이해하기 쉽지 않다.
2. 지지 가치(Espoused Values). 인공물 아래에 지지가치가 있다. 지지가치는 의식적인 전략, 목표, 그리고 철학을 말한다.
3. 기본 가정 및 가치(Basic Assumptions and Values). 문화의 핵심 또는 본질은 기본적인 가정 및 가치에 의해 대표된다. 이것들은 대부분 무의식적인 수준에 존재하기 때문에 분별하기가 어렵다. 그러나 왜 일이 특정한 방식으로 발생하는지를 이해하는데 열쇠를 제공한다. 이러한 기본적인 가정은 인간의 본성, 인간관계 그리고 활동, 현실과 진리와 같은 인간존재의 더 깊은 영역주변에서 형성된다.

1992년도에 출간된 "Organizational Culture and Leadership"에서 Schein는 어느 한 그룹의 문화를 다음과 같이 정의하였다: "그룹이 외부적응과 내부통합이라는 문제를 해결할 때 학습하는, 그리고 타당하다고 여겨질 만큼 충분히 기능하고 따라서 그러한 문제와 관련하여 인식하고 생각하고 느끼기 위한 올바른 방식으로 새로운 구성원에게 가르쳐지는 공유된 기본적인 가정의 패턴.

최근 1996년 간행물에서 Schein는 조직 문화를 다음과 같이 정의한다: "세계가 어떻게 존재하고 어떻게 존재해야되는가에 대한, 그리고 한 그룹의 구성원들이 공유하고 있고 그들의 인식, 사고, 감정 및 그들의 외적행동을 결정하는 기초적인 전술적 가정.

Schein는 우리는 정확한 연구를 하더라도 단지 문화의 구성요소에 관해서 진술할 수 있다고 인정하였다(1992년). 우리는 문화를 완전히 설명할 수 없다. Schein는 문화에 관한 탐구를 위해 다음과 같은 접근방식을 추천한다: 심리학자와 환자 사이 치료 관계와 유사한 반복적이고 분석적인 접근. 문화에 대한 Schein의 규율적인 접근은 일부 인기있는 경영저널에서 취급되는 방식과 대조적이다.
 

참고도서: Edgard Schein - Organizational Culture and Leadership

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추가 연구 링크 조직의 문화수준다음과 관련된 다른 유용한 소스로 자동으로 이동합니다 . 뉴스 영화 프리젠 테이션   서적 플라톤 학파 사람들 더

조직의 3가지 문화수준 관련개념 :   Contingency Theory[상황적응이론]  |  변화관리 빙산모델(Change Management Iceberg)  |  Changing Organization Cultures [조직문화의 변화]  |  Change Phases [변화 단계]  |  Force Field Analysis[역장 분석]  |  Core Group Theory [핵심그룹 이론]  |  Spiral of Silence [침묵의 나선형 이론]  |  Groupthink [집단 사고]  |  계획된 행동  |  Knowledge Management [지식경영] (Collison & Parcell)  |  Organizational Memory [조직기억]  |  Organizational Learning [조직 학습]  |  Leadership Continuum [리더십 차원]  |  Cultural Intelligence [문화 지능]  |  Forget Borrow Learn 모형

다른 페이지로 이동: Change & Organization [변화와 조직]  |  윤리와 책임  |  인적 자원  |  리더십  |  전략 및 혁신

관리 방법, 모형 및 이론 더