PMBOK[项目管理知识体系]（美国项目管理协会）

知识中心

什么是项目管理知识体系（PMBOK）？ 释义

项目管理知识体系（Project Management Body of Knowledge, PMBOK ®）是美国项目管理协会（PMI）对项目管理所需的知识、技能和工具进行的概括性描述，现已成为国际社会普遍接受的项目管理知识体系标准。 《项目管理知识体系指南》（《PMBOK指南》）对项目管理知识体系的子集进行了专业分类和描述，定义了项目生命周期、5步流程和9大知识领域。

项目团队在项目流程中运用到的9类知识归纳如下：

1. 整合（Integration）。 制定项目章程、项目范围以及整体项目计划。 项目变化的指挥、管理、监督及控制。
2. 范围（Scope）。 计划，定义，结构，确认和控制。
3. 时间（Time）。 定义，时序，资源及周期评估，进度制定与进度控制。
4. 费用（Cost）。 资源计划，成本评估，预算及控制。
5. 质量（Quality）。 质量计划、质量保证及质量控制。
6. 人力资源（Human Resources）。 人力资源计划，人员招募，组建和管理项目团队。
7. 沟通（Communications）。 沟通计划，信息发布，绩效报告，利益相关者管理。
8. 风险（Risks）。 风险计划，风险识别，风险分析（定量与定性），风险监控，以及具体的行动计划。
9. 采购（Procurement）。 采购与合同计划，供应商选择，合同管理及合同终结。

对于每一具体流程乃至每一项具体活动的投入、所需的技能与工具，以及最终的产出结果都必须要有细致的说明。
 

项目知识管理体系的起源。 历史

1969年，美国项目管理协会（PMI）成立。

• 1987年，第一版PMBOK问世， 它是PMI1980年代所组织的一系列项目管理研讨会的结晶。 同期，PMI还发布了项目管理道德规范（Code of Ethics）。 并为各授权培训机构提供培训指南，为参训人员提供项目管理专业证书（Project Management Professional Certification）。
• 1996年与2000年，根据会员的意见和建议，PMI对PMBOK进行了更新，第二版问世。 1998年，美国标准化组织（ANSI）接受了PMBOK标准；稍后，PMBOK亦被电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）所接受。
• 2004年，PMBOK指南(tm)第三版问世，较之前两版，新版PMBOK在结构和内容上有较大的改动。

项目知识管理体系的用法。 应用

PMBOK能够广泛应用于各种项目管理， 其应用领域主要包括：

• 项目计划（综合类）
• 部门项目（功能类）
• 工程项目（技术类）
• 行业特殊流程
• 产品开发（市场类）
• 政府项目（公共类）
• 发展项目（国际组织类）

项目知识管理体系的步骤。 流程

一个成功项目就是一系列项目管理流程的综合， PMBOK根据Deming Cycle[戴明循环]，给出了5步项目管理流程：

1. 启动（Initiating）。 主要内容：
   • 项目批准
   • 项目承接
   • 总体方案设置
   • 项目宏观目标设定
   • 相关资源保证
   • 商业目标协同
   • 项目经理委任
   • 综合管理
2. 计划（Planning）。 主要内容：
   • 设定项目范围
   • 细化项目目标
   • 明确各交付项
   • 制定项目进度
   • 建立项目成员及各利益相关者信息共享与交流平台
   • 明确各项项目活动
   • 对各项活动按时序进行排列
   • 明确所需技能和资源
   • 评估项目工作的难易度
   • 项目风险分析和规避
   • 评估和分析成本费用
   • 项目资金计划获批
   • 沟通计划
3. 执行（Executing）。 主要内容：
   • 整合资源，组建团队
   • 质量保证
   • 转包
   • 信息发布
   • 计划执行
4. 监控（Monitoring and Controlling）。 主要内容：
   • 项目团队、利益相关者及次级承包商管理
   • 进度管理、绩效监控（综合、范围、进度、成本、质量）
   • 发现问题，进行修正； 解决问题
   • 变动管理
   • 风险管理（技术、质量、绩效、项目管理、组织、外部）
   • 绩效报告； 沟通
5. 终结（Closing）。 主要内容：
   • 各项活动完毕
   • 管理终结（信息收集、发布及归档，评估，学习）
   • 合同终结（项目合同各条款终结）

项目经理负责对项目终结后的最终项目产品进行陈述（结合所定义的项目目标、范围、周期、成本及质量等）。
 

项目管理知识体系的优势。 优点

• 它构成了项目管理的完整架构和实际标准。
• 它以流程为导向。
• 它阐明了任何项目管理所必须的知识和技能。
• 它定义了项目管理各个流程所需的投入、工具、技能及产出。
• 它所定义的知识体系能够应用于不同行业和不同领域。

项目管理知识体系的局限。 缺点

• 对小型项目而言过于复杂。
• 根据应用行业和领域、项目规模和范围、时间和预算，以及质量要求，PMBOK须做适当调整。

项目管理知识体系的假定。 条件

• 项目管理需要有一个放之四海而皆准的体系标准，以适应不同规模、行业以及文化下的项目管理需要。

参考书： PMI - PMBOK Guide (Third Edition 2004)

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：项目管理知识体系。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 开始一个新的论坛主题关于项目管理知识体系 在这里分享您的知识（或提出问题）   🔥 新 CMBOK——项目经理人的经典 CMBOK——项目经理人的经典，应该大力普及到项目相关人员。... 2   When Used for Software Development This is an extension of Deming's work. Deming's is definitely a top-down management style. Do not make changes in implementation unless the change has been vetted through change control which includes... 7   Why Projects are Risky? There are some factors which are found in all or most projects, and which make them inherently risky. These risk factors of projects include: 1. Uniqueness 2. Complexity 3. Assumptions and constrai... 7   1条评论 Agile Project Budgeting THE PROBLEM WITH TRADITIONAL PROJECT BUDGETING Traditional project budgeting uses a bottom-up approach that requires a forecast of all involved tasks for the entire project development process and es... 5   1条评论 PMO in Human Resources How can I apply the PMO to a recruiting process in the human resources field? Does anybody have an implemented model? Thanks a lot!... 4   1条评论 What is Project Lifecycle? What is exactly is meant with Project Lifecycle in the management of projects? Do you have a good definition? Can I have your reactions please...... 4   2条评论 PMBOK Edition 6: What's New? Edition 6 of the PMBOK from PMI was launched on September 2017. This new edition has lots of improvements based on worldwide up to date practices in Project Management, for example: The addition ... 4   2条评论 Life Cycle Costing Analysis What is life cycle costing analysis all about and what are the advantages and disadvantages of the Life Cycle Costing approach? Given a situation like network upgrading and the project team chooses t... 2   The 3 Processes to Manage the Quality of Projects Schwalbe seems to follow the definition of PMBOK when he describes the three processes that are involved in project quality management: QUALITY PLANNING: the first process refers to the identifica... 2   Presenting Lessons Learnt I am looking for a good way of presenting "lessons learnt" to the customer during the project closure meeting. Any advise from this forum?... 2   2条评论 Gold Plating in Project Management Gold Plating in project management is the error of continuing to work on a project or task well past the point where the extra value it generates (if any) is worth the effort. The term goldplating ref... 1   Project Management Knowledge Standard(s) Being completely new to project management and seeing all sorts of different qualifications advertised for what are various approaches based on different commercial areas of activity, I am wondering i... 1   The Meaning of 'Scope' in Project Management Because the word 'scope' is a verb, a noun, a process and a description, when specifying its elements, it confuses students unnecessarily. So lets start to use clearer language: To scope = to spe... 1   Managing Organization Culture Most managers have experiences with positive and negative effects of culture on the plans and strategies of the organization. How can we manage the culture so that company objectives are met. What met... 0   1条评论

最佳实践 关于项目管理知识体系的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 🥇 Who Initiates and Plans a Project? It's very interesting to read about PMI processes, but I am wondering whether the initiating and the planning stages are carried out by top management (before choosing a project manager) or is it the ... 14   7条评论 🥈 PMBOK <> PMBOK Guide The 'PMBOK' refers to all published knowledge, where as the 'PMBOK guide' refers to the document published by PMI that refers to a smaller subset of the PMBOK. This is a frequent point of confusion. ... 14   4条评论 🥉 I am a project, my life is a program I am a project, my life is a program and this world is a portfolio.... 12   4条评论 Task Reminder Tool / Task Reminder Software Task reminders - I am looking for some tool wherein I can remind all task owners in advance, based on tasks that are over due, due and task expected to complete in future date. MS Project?... 10   8条评论 Project Budgeting Best Practices I love to know please how budgeting can contribute to the success or failure of a Project? Specific steps and attentions on the Project.... 10   3条评论 What are the Common Reasons Why IT Projects Fail? In my view, the common reasons for failure of IT projects are: 1. Lack of risk management 2. Lack of proper scheduling 3. Lack of communication 4. Lack of integration while going live 5. Lack of... 9   12条评论 Is the 2013 Version of PMBOK V5 a Real Improvement? Do you think the PMBOK V5 new version launched 01/2013 is a major improvement: - adding "Stakeholders Management" as a new knowledge area, and - adding a Plan process where it was missing.... 8   3条评论 Looking for Internet Collaboration Project Software I'm looking for a collaboration software (preferably open / free) to manage the implementation of non-technical (non-IT) projects over the internet (saas soft) We like Basecamp but is not free and do... 8   5条评论 Shortfall in the PMBOK Framework I believe there is a major shortfall in this framework - the lack of the concept of Governance, which might be an addendum to the 'control' lozenge. Most PMs success is measured on delivering project... 7   8条评论 Why Project Risk Management? How do risk management processes contribute to project success? I am studying project management and would like to find out how risk management processes contribute to project success. Thanks for your... 7   7条评论 Why use Project Management Software? Why is support software required in project management processes? What types of software are most useful? Why? .... 6   3条评论 9 Knowledge Areas in PMBOK With reference to the nine knowledge areas, how may a project manager carry out project analysis?... 5   6条评论

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信息来源 有关项目管理知识体系的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Introduction Into Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK Project Management This presentation gives an introduction into PMBOK and includes the following sections: 1. Contents 2. Introduction 3... Introduction to PMBOK Project Management Introduction to PMBOK / Project Management by D. Dufner.... First Introduction to Project Management. Essentials Project Management Primer, Project Management 101, Basics of Project Management This presentation provides a good first introduction to project management and how to more efficiently implement and exe... Introduction to Project Quality Management Quality Management, Project Quality Planning, Project Quality Assurance, Project Quality Control Presentation about Project Quality Management. A large part of the presentation is about Six Sigma as a quality manageme... PMBOK4 Updates from V3 Differences V3 and V4 Lately Project Management Institute(PMI) has changed the "Project Management Body Of Knowledge" PMBOK version from 3rd ... Project Management of Information Technology Projects Project Management, Information Technology, Three Sphere Model This presentation provides information about project management, thereby especially focusing on a context of information... Project Communication Management Project Communications Plan, Project Management, Project Communication Plan, Project Stakeholder Analysis This presentation is about communication, specifically focusing on communciation during projects. The presentation inclu... Introduction to Project Risk Management Understanding the Importance of Project Risk Management Project Management is Risk Management. From maintaining the customer relationship to protecting the critical path. The c... 9 Knowledge Areas Project Management Picture showing the 9 areas of PMBOK.... PMBOK Diagram Project Management Download and edit this 12manage PowerPoint graphic for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing in ...

研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源项目管理知识体系。 新闻 视频 简报   书比人好 学术的 更多

比较： OPM3[组织项目管理成熟度模型]  |  MSP[成功管理计划]  |  PMMM[项目管理成熟度模型]  |  IPMA Competence Baseline[ICB，国际项目管理专业资质标准]  |  Team Management Profile[团队管理剖面]  |  Stages of Team Development[团队发展阶段]  |  Belbin Team Roles[贝尔宾团队角色]

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