10 Principles of Reinvention[企业型政府重塑10原则]（Osborne & Gaebler）

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根据Osborne和Gaebler，政府往往表现不佳，给人以高高在上、蹒跚迟缓、过于集中、官僚僵化的感觉。“我们设计政府机构保护公众免受获取许多权力或误用公开金钱的政客和官僚主义者。 为了预防政府和官员盗用公共财产，我们设计的制度又使得管理公共财产在事实上变得不可能。。。 为了对政府行为实施有效控制，我们设计流程，控制投入，在方方面面做了规定，然而我们却忽略了结果。。。” Osborn和Gaebler为我们推荐了一种新型的公共机构管理理念——“企业型政府”（Entrepreneurial Government）： 一种能够与盈利性企业、非盈利性组织以及其他机构进行博弈的政府组织，事实上企业型政府也是时代发展的必需。

企业型政府重塑10原则（Osborne & Gaebler）

企业型政府重塑10原则如下：

1. 发挥指导性（Catalytic）。 少划桨，多指挥。正如球赛中，自己做啦啦队，少下场做球员。

2. 发挥社区自主性（Community-owned）。 多授权，少服务。鼓励当地政府机构及民间社团热心参与地方事务。

3. 发挥竞争性（Competitive）。 将竞争机制注入服务内容，用各种办法鼓励良性市场竞争、行业竞争以及地区竞争。

4. 发挥任务性（Mission-driven）。 变制度导向为使命导向，不要一成不变地做事情，要有制度的弹性和工作的灵活性，能够接受和完成随时指派的工作任务。

5. 发挥结果导向性（Results-oriented）。 要注重产出，而不是投入，成效比成本更重要。

6. 发挥客户导向性（Customer-driven）。 政府的顾客就是人民，而不是官僚机构本身，人民的权益和需要比政府自身的方便重要的多。

7. 发挥企业家精神（Enterprising）。 除了节流，更要注重开源。

8. 发挥预见性（Anticipatory）。 与其亡羊补牢，不如防患于未然。

9. 发挥权力分散性（Decentralized）。 转变中央集权的做法，在适当监督下，鼓励地方政府或机构的参与性，发挥因地制宜的功能。

10. 发挥市场导向性（Market-oriented）。 通过市场力量促进变革，鼓励民间扮演过去由政府扮演的角色。

David Osborne、Ted Gaebler的企业型政府模型，一经提出就引起了各界广泛关注，并直接导致了1994年由美国副总统戈尔领导全国政府机构绩效评估运动（NPR）。

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：企业型政府重塑10原则。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 Problems with Entrepreneurial Government Some developing African countries are facing big challenges. Governments of these countries initiate and spend much on multiple projects like dams, roads, electricity, etc that have a long gestation ... 21   5条评论 Change Management and Process re-engineering Change is inevitable. Some is planned and other is "enforced". Enforced in the case of poor governments receiving donations (funding). How could anyone managing the later cope with the situation where... 14   Impact of Economic Regulation on State Company How does economic regulation impact on a project-based state company where all funds are allocated by the government... In relation to managing financial resources and decision making?... 12   Community -owned and Enterprising It is difficult to prapse ideas how government can empower communities completely... What will be the impact for managing funds? ... 12   How to Implement the Principles of Reinvention? The above is a master list of possible attention areas to consider for public organizations existing in a dynamic environment. Good ideas. But how to instil these aspects in organizations is a point... 11   1条评论 Local Self Government What is local self government? Thanks for your help or builds...... 6   1条评论 Development of Administration Practices in the Wake of Covid-19 In the wake of convid-19 what is your assessment of the need for and sustainability of having an entrepreneurial government? How might such a government form be helpful during and after the convid-19... 3   Reinventing the Wheel in Organizations Reinventing the wheel� - What does it mean (in an organizational context)? - How is it affecting the organisation and its effectiveness? - What kind of solutions are possible?... 2   1条评论 Management in a Profit versus Non-profit Organization Please inform me about the similarities and differences between management in a non profit organization and management in a for profit organization. Thank you.... 1   1条评论 Principles only for Educated Societies I am not against decentralization, or a new theory of reinventing government. But in my opinion this theory is not useful for countries that depend on donations and are low literated. In fact many t... 1   Generic Processes of Public Administration Expain the following within the context of a government department: generic processes of public administration.... 0   New Public Management and BPR New Public Management (NPM) is a term coined by Hood (1991, A Public Management for All Seasons. Public Administration, 69 (Spring), 3-19) for the policy to modernize the public sector and and render ... 0   开始一个新的论坛主题关于企业型政府重塑10原则 提出问题或解释某事

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