조직의 학습 (Organizational Learning)

지식 센터

조직의 학습이란 무엇인가? 정의

Chris Argyris와 Donald Schön(1978년)는 조직의 학습(OL) 다음과 같이 정의했다: "탐색과 오류의 수정". Fiol과 Lyles는 학습을 "더 나은 지식과 이해를 통해 행동을 개선하는 프로세스"로 정의한다(1985년). Dodgson은 조직의 학습을 다음과 같음 기술한다: 조직이 조직의 문화안에서 조직의 활동을 둘러싼 일상적 업무와 지식을 구축하고 보완하며 구성하고, 인력의 기술 사용을 개선하여 조직의 효율성을 찾고 개발하는 방식 (1993년). Huber는 조직이 "정보처리를 통하여 잠재적인 행동의 범위가 변할 때" 학습이 발생한다고 하였다(1991년).

"학습조직"은 조직의 학습을 강화하고 극대화하기 위하여 의도적으로 구조와 전략을 구축하는 기업이다(Dodgson 1993년). 학습조직의 컨셉은 조직이 변화에 더 잘 적응할 수 있기를 바라기 때문에 인기를 끌었다. 학습은 역동적인 개념이며 조직의 지속적인 변화의 본성을 강조한다. 개인적인 학습에서 조직적인 학습으로 그 초점이 점차 변하고 있다. 학습은 개인의 성장에 필수적이다 ;  또한 조직에도 동일하게 중요하다. 개인이 조직을 구성하므로, 개인은 변화를 촉진하기 위해 조직의 학습이 가능하도록 필요한 형태와 프로세스를 구축해야 한다.

OL은 개인의 학습을 합한 것 이상이다(Dodgson 1993년; Fiol & Lyles 1985년). 조직은 그 구성원이 조직을 떠나더라도 학습능력을 잃지 않는다. 조직의 학습은 조직의 기억(organizational memory)을 형성한다. 따라서, 학습 시스템은 역사, 경험, 규범, 이야기등이 축적되기 때문에 현재 뿐만아니라 미래의 구성원들에게도 영향을 미친다. 학습조직을 창출하는 것은 도전에 맞서기 위한 시작에 불과하다(Prahalad & Hamel 1994년). 또한 동등하게 중요한 것은 조직이 과거의 일부를 잊어야만 하는 것을 의미하는 "비학습조직(unlearning organization)"의 창출이다. 따라서 학습은 그러한 대립적인 요인 사이에서 발생한다(Dodgson 1993년).
 

조직학습의 3가지 유형 (Argyris와 Schön)

1. 단일순환 학습(Single-loop learning). 오류가 발견되고 수정되어 조직의 현재의 방침과 목표를 지속할 때 발생한다. Dodgson(1993년)에 따르면 단일순환 학습(Single-loop learning)은 지식기반 또는 기업고유의 역량에 추가되는 활동, 또는 조직활동의 근본적인 변경없이 일상적인 업무와 같을 수 있다. 단일순환 학습(Single-loop learning)은 낮은 수준의 학습(Fio과 Lyles,1985년), 적응학습( Senge,1990년), 비전략적 학습(Mason,93년) 등으로 불린다.
2. 이중순환 학습(Double-loop learning). 단일순환 학습은 오류의 탐색과 수정외에 조직이 문제를 제기하고 기존의 규범, 절차, 방침 그리고 목표를 수정할 때 발생한다. 이중순환 학습(Double-loop learning)은 조직의 지식기반역량, 기업고유의 역량 또는 일상업무를 변경하고자 하는 것과 관련있다(Dodgson 1993년). 이중순환 학습(Double-loop learning)은 높은 수준의 학습(Fiol과 Lyles, 1985년), 창조적 학습 또는 조직역량 확장학습(Senge,1990년), 전략적 학습(Mason,1993년) 등으로 불린다. 전략적 학습은 "조직이 추구할 수 있는 목표의 범위, 이러한 목표를 처리하기 위해 활용가능한 자원과 행동의 범위를 확장하는 방법의 환경 변화를 감지하는 프로세스"로 정의된다. (1993:843, Mason)
3. 이중학습(Deutero-learning). 이것은 조직이 단일순환 학습(Single-loop learning)과 이중순환 학습(Double-loop learning)을 실행하는 방법을 학습할 때 발생한다. 처음 2가지 형태의 학습은 만일 조직이 학습이 일어나고 있는 것을 알지 못할 경우에는 발생하지 않는다. 무지에 대한 인식이 학습의 동기를 부여한다(Nevis外, 1995년). 이것은 학습의 방향 또는 스타일 그리고 학습을 촉진하는데 필요한 프로세스와 구조(촉진요인)를 확인하는 것을 의미한다. Nevis 등은 7가지 다른 학습 스타일과 학습에 영향을 미치는 10가지 다른 촉진요인을 확인하였다(1995년). 예를 들면 촉진요인중의 하나는 목표결과와 실제 성과 사이의 갭을 확인하는 것이다. 이러한 확인을 통해 조직은 학습이 필요하며 적절한 환경과 프로세스가 준비되어야 할 필요성을 인식하게 된다. 이것은 또한 장기간의 긍정적인 피드백 또는 좋은 의사소통이 학습을 방해할 수 있다는 사실을 인식한다는 것을 의미한다(Argyris 1994년).

이중순환 학습(Double-loop learning)과 이중학습(Deutero-learning)은 조직을 변화시키는 이유와 방법과 관련이 있는 반면 단일순환 학습(Single-loop learning)은 기반이 되는 가정과 핵심신념에 대한 의문없이 변화를 수용하는 것과 관련있다. Dodgson은 조직의 학습형태는 조직에서 조직의 학습이 발생하는 장소에 따라 다르다고 한다. 따라서 학습은 연구, 개발, 디자인, 엔지니어링, 제조, 마케팅, 관리 및 판매 등 조직의 서로 다른 부서에서 발생할 수 있다.

포럼 다음에 대한 포럼 토론: 조직의 학습. 아래에서 이 주제에 대해 질문하거나 경험을 공유하거나 새로운 개발을 보고하거나 무언가를 설명할 수 있습니다.     에 대한 조직의 학습 여기에서 지식을 공유하세요(또는 질문하세요)   Organisation Learning Gap Analysis? Is there any measure to identify gaps (and work out an action plan) for organisation learning?... 8   2 개의 댓글 Individual and Organizational Learning What is the relationship between individual and organizational learning?... 7   6 개의 댓글 Recent article on Execution as Learning You may want to read the recent HBR article by Amy Edmondson on Execution as Learning, which is building on elements of the thinking of Argyris c.s.... 7   1 개의 댓글 Value of Learning Culture What is the value to organizations in creating a learning organizational culture? How can organizations work towards creating this culture through its HRM/HRD strategies?... 7   Learning Organization & TQM The relationship between learning organization and Total Quality Management (TQM) is cause-and-effect. Learning is an intended outcome of TQM, TQM can be a vehicle for organizational learning and the ... 6   1 개의 댓글 Organizational Learning from Failures: The Return on Failure Ratio Over the last decades, innovation and creativity have become critical skills for achieving success. A 2015 Boston Consulting Group survey indicated that a key obstacle to business innovation and growt... 5   Informed Decisions in Rapid Change If organizations have to make informed decisions in rapid change, then what kind of organizational learning process should we use?... 5   To Trigger Innovation and Organizational Learning, you need to Accept Creative Errors Today�s dynamic business environment provokes an increasing pressure for companies to innovate in order to stay competitive. Companies need to find their way In triggering innovative, experimental beh... 4   1 개의 댓글 The Value of Contextual Awareness in Organisation Learning I think that even though learning by experience, though execution of similar projects, will be a valuable asset in solving problems of our current project under execution, it boils down to learning ab... 4   4 개의 댓글 Implementing Organizational Learning I appreciate the concept of organizational learning. Its operationalization has been a problem. Many times it has been reduced to the training function in the organization. Indeed people have questio... 4   1 개의 댓글 Imperatives of Organisation Learning Types Kurt Lewin's model of unfreezing, moving & refreezing would further reinforce the points put forward by Prahalad, Hamel & Dodgson above. Single loop learning has managerial imperatives; Double loop ... 3   4 개의 댓글 How to Grow Organization Learning with Rapid Changes of Technology? Companies that will be successful with OL need to identify what methods need to be adopted with current technology to ensure their competitive advantage.... 3   1 개의 댓글 Best Practices to Sustain the Impact of Learning in Organisations Training and development are a critical factor in organizational development. However, how can we sustain the impact of learning within organizations; in other words, what best practices exist to ensu... 3   The Focus of Organizational Learning Departments Has to Change Organizations have to change and have to become better at changing. As a result, the way of working of the Organizational Learning Department (OLD) should no longer be to just take requests and provi... 2   Applications and Usages of Organisational Learning In what forms is organisation learning applied in the various organisations? I'm trying to create a list of the main ways how organizational learning can be applied. Thanks...... 2

모범 사례 조직의 학습에 대한 최고 평점 토론 주제. 여기에서 가장 가치있는 아이디어와 실용적인 제안을 찾을 수 있습니다. 🥇 Why Apply Organizational Learning in Organizations? Organizational learning is a social process, involving interactions among many individuals leading to well-informed decision making. An organization must learn so that it can adapt to a changing envi... 19   19 개의 댓글 🥈 The Goals of Organization Learning are Changing Organizations have to change and not only that - they have to become better at it. This means the goals of organizational learning must also change. The focus has to shift from job-related training... 16   12 개의 댓글 🥉 How do You Measure Organizational Learning? In a learning organization, how do you go about measuring organizational learning? Or is the learning organization just a myth or a brand? I would like to get feedback from you all. Thanks!... 6   7 개의 댓글

전문가 팁 Organizational Learning에 대한 고급 통찰력 (영어). 여기에서 전문가의 전문적인 조언을 찾을 수 있습니다. Barriers that Hinder Effective Knowledge Sharing Effective Knowledge Sharing, Pitfalls to Avoid, Knowledge Management Implementation According to Chris Collison, there are seven common barriers or syndromes that hinder effective knowledge sharing and se... Positive Effects of Age Diversity on Company Productivity and (Tacit) Knowledge Sharing Tacit Knowledge Transfer, Organizational Learning, Incentive Management Backes-Gellner and Veen (2013) outlined the main advantages of having a diverse workforce within a company. The followin... How to Identify and Map Knowledge Knowledge Identification, Knowledge Capturing, Knowledge Storage In his article �Knowledge Mapping: The Essentials for Success�, Wesley Vestal provides following six tips to identify an... Capturing Learned Lessons How to Capture Organizational Learning? Best Practices Knowledge from bad and good experiences will lead you and your organization to better future performance. You can improv... Critical Activities to Build a Learning Organization Implementing Organizational Learning, Best Practices Learning organizations are distinguished because they are undertaking certain activities to foster the internal learning... The Relationship between Organizational Learning and Performance Tensions and Remedies In a paper by Sara J. Singer and Amy C. Edmondson of HBS, the complexities of the relationship between learning and perf... Key Behaviors of Innovative Organizations Innovation Management, Culture Change, Organizational Change, Innovative Culture, Organizational Culture Many large-scale attempts to make organizations more innovative are experiencing organizational inertia, barriers and/or... How to Become a Self-tuning Enterprise: Advanced Experimenters Organizational Agility, Strategic Agility, Real Options, Emergent Strategy In an HBR article of June 2015, Reeves, Zeng and Venjara argue there's a new way to apply algorithmic principles that en... How Culture Levels Explain Failures in Organizational Learning and Innovation Improving Organizational Learning, Organizational Innovation, Changing Organization Cultures Schein (as cited by Bertagni et al., 2010) tries to elaborate on the question why organizational innovations often fail ... Additional Definitions of Organizational Learning Organizational Learning There is still a great deal of disagreement on what constitutes organizational learning. Most scholars view organization... What are Smart Creatives? Traits R&D, Product Development, Service Development, Strategy, Innovation, HR, Career Management To accommodate the strategic demands of the internet age, clever, creative knowledge workers are needed in product/servi... Generating New and Useful Ideas in Innovation: Avoiding the Primal Mark Innovation, Creativity, Organizational Innovativeness, Lateral Thinking, Out of the Box Thinking, Avoiding Anchoring In today's dynamic environment, to stay competitive continuous innovations and new ideas are important. For a creative i... Knowledge Management Scope Knowledge Management, Level of Know-how Research by Deishin Lee (HBS) and Eric Van den Steen (MIT) shows that recording mediocre know-how can actually be counte... Components of Learning Agility Organizational Agility, Organizational Learning, Knowledge Management One of the critical factors for achieving organizational agility is learning agility, which refers to the ability and ea... Knowledge Management Focal Point Knowledge Management Focus Research by Deishin Lee (HBS) and Eric Van den Steen (MIT) shows that information about successes is typically more usef...

정보 출처 조직의 학습 에 대한 다양한 정보 출처. 여기에서 자신의 강의 및 워크샵에 사용할 파워 포인트, 비디오, 뉴스 등을 찾을 수 있습니다. Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning Models, Implementation, Overview, Examples An extensive presentation explaining both the concept of Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning by H. Gundogan... Knowledge Management Systems Architecture Knowledge Management, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Systems, Knowledge Architecture This presentation is about knowledge development and management, including the following sections: 1. Overview 2. Know... How to Improve Knowledge Sharing in Knowledge-intensive Organizations Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing Motivation, Knowledge Sharing Platform. Tacit Knowledge This presentation elaborates on the concept of knowledge sharing, thereby focusin on a knowledge-intensive organization ... Learning Agility and Enterprise Agility Organizational Agility This presentation provides insights into the usage of organizational agility in your organization. The presentation incl... Introduction to Knowledge Management: Foundation Principles and Building Concepts Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing, Learning Organization 1. What is Knowledge? 1. What is Knowledge Management? Definition 2. Knowledge Foundation Principles and Building Conc... Learning from Rare Experiences Organizational Learning Paper by Charles E. Eesley and Edward B. Roberts explores the conditions under which learning occurs from small samples ... Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning and Intellectual Capital Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning Presentation about organizational knowledge, learning and intellectual capital. The presentation includes the following ... Elements of a Cognitive Theory of the Firm Organizational Learning Paper by Bart Nooteboom presents elements of a cognitive theory of the firm, from the perspective of embodied cognition.... Organizational Learning: Single Loop Learning, Double Loop Learning and Triple Loop Learning Organizational Learning - Single loop new learning is about following the rules while trying to correct a problem. - Double loop learning could... Professor Evans Explains Why Fast Change Requires New Ways of Learning and Thinking Action Learning, Coping with Change, The Need of Change, The Need for New Ways of Learning In this historic video Action Learning Professor Reg Evans shows that it is very important to understand that today's ra... How to Integrate Internal Organizational Knowledge with External Online Communities Knowledge Management, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Sharing, Interaction, Knowledge in Organizations Due to many online and web-based technological developments in today�s digital economy, sharing knowledge in online comm... Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Learning through Communities of Practices Knowledge Sharing, Organizational Learning, Communities of Practices, Special Interest Groups Knowledge management in Communities of Practice (CoPs) This presentation is about organizational learning and knowledge... Three Levels of Knowledge Management Initial Understanding Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning According to Jury (2007), knowledge management can be categorized into three different levels, and organized in a pyrami... Introduction to Organizational Learning and Learning Organizations Organizational Learning, Learning Organizations Presentation that gives a clear overview to the concept of Organizational Learning (OL). The following sections are incl... Introduction of Organizational Learning Initial Understanding of Organizational Learning Peter Senge explains that Organizational Learning is about how organizations work at their bests. It comes down to how p... The Difference Between Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management Initial Understanding of the Difference Between OL en KM Dr. Edward Rogers puts forth that organizational learning and knowledge management are often considered to be synonyms a... How Single and Double Loop Learning Help Operational Managers Become Leaders Initial Understanding of Single and Double Loop Learning A great way for managers to get out of their operational mode and become leaders is to help them to stand back from day ...

추가 연구 링크 조직의 학습다음과 관련된 다른 유용한 소스로 자동으로 이동합니다 . 뉴스 영화 프리젠 테이션   서적 플라톤 학파 사람들 더

관련 개념: Organizational Memory [조직기억]  |  Bridging Epistemologies [인식 연결하기]  |  Knowledge Management [지식경영] (Collison & Parcell)  |  SECI 모형  |  Gestalt [게슈탈트 지각이론] 이론  |  Action Learning [실천학습]  |  Intellectual Capital Rating [지적자산평가]  |  Levels of Culture [조직의 문화수준]  |  Change Phases [변화 단계]  |  Organic Organization [유기 조직]  |  Changing Organization Cultures [조직문화의 변화]  |  PCMM 인재역량측정모델  |  MAGIC 프로젝트  |  Experience Curve [경험 곡선]  |  Team Management Profile [팀관리 프로파일]

다른 페이지로 이동: Change & Organization [변화와 조직]  |  인적 자원  |  지식과 무형자산

관리 방법, 모형 및 이론 더