Aprendizaje Organizacional

Centro de Conocimiento

¿qué es el Aprendizaje Organizacional (OL)? Definición

Chris Argyris y Donald Schön (1978) definieron el aprendizaje organizacional (OL) como: “la detección y la corrección del error”. Fiol y Lyles definen más adelante aprendizaje como “el proceso de mejorar acciones con un mejor conocimiento y entendimiento” (1985). Dodgson describe el Aprendizaje Organizacional como: La forma en que las empresas construyen, proveen, y organizan conocimiento y rutinas alrededor de sus actividades y dentro de sus culturas; y adaptan, desarrollan eficiencia de organizacional optimizando el uso de las amplias habilidades de sus empleados. (1993). Huber indica que el aprendizaje ocurre en una organización “si a través de su proceso de información, se cambia la gama de sus comportamientos potenciales” (1991).

Una “Organización que aprende" es una firma que construye, intencionadamente, las estructuras y las estrategias, para realzar y para maximizar el Aprendizaje Organizacional (Dodgson, 1993). El concepto de una Organización que Aprende ha llegado a ser popular puesto que las organizaciones desean ser más adaptables al cambio. El aprendizaje es un concepto dinámico y acentúa la naturaleza continuamente cambiante de las organizaciones. El enfoque se está desviando gradualmente desde un aprendizaje individual hacia un aprendizaje organizacional. El aprender es esencial para el crecimiento de individuos; es igualmente importante para las organizaciones. Puesto que los individuos forman la masa de la organización, deben establecerse las formas y los procesos necesarios para permitir el aprendizaje organizacional y así facilitar el cambio.

OL es más que la suma de las partes del aprendizaje individual (Dodgson, 1993; Fiol y Lyles, 1985). Una organización no pierde sus capacidades aprendidas cuando los miembros dejan la organización. El aprendizaje organizacional contribuye a la memoria de la organización. Así, los sistemas de aprendizaje no sólo influencian a los miembros actuales, sino también a los miembros futuros, debido a la acumulación de historias, experiencias, normas, e historias. Crear una organización que aprende es solamente la mitad de la solución de un desafiante problema (Prahalad y Hamel, 1994). Igualmente importante es la creación de una organización que esencialmente significa que la organización es capaz de olvidar algo de su pasado. Así, el aprendizaje ocurre en medio de tales factores que están en conflicto (Dodgson, 1993).
 

Tres tipos de aprendizaje organizacional (Argyris y Schön)

1. Aprendizaje de circuito simple. Este ocurre cuando se detectan y se corrigen los errores, y las firmas continúan con sus mismas políticas y metas. Según Dodgson (1993), aprendizaje de simple circuito puede ser comparado a las actividades que agregan a las bases del conocimiento o las capacidades arraigadas o las rutinas sin alterar la naturaleza fundamental de las actividades de la organización. Este aprendizaje también ha sido llamado “aprendizaje de nivel inferior” por Fiol y Lyles (1985), “aprendizaje adaptativo” o “Copiando” por Senge (1990), y “aprendizaje no estratégico” por Mason ('93).
2. Aprendizaje de circuito doble. Este ocurre cuando, además de la detección y de la corrección de errores, la organización cuestiona y modifica sus normas, procedimientos, políticas, y objetivos existentes. Double-loop learning implica el cambiar de las bases del conocimiento o las capacidades arraigadas o las rutinas (Dodgson, 1993) de la organización. Aprendizaje de circuito doble también es llamado el “aprendizaje de alto nivel” por Fiol y Lyles (1985), el “aprendizaje generativo” o el “aprender para ampliar las capacidades de una organización” por Senge (1990), y el “aprendizaje estratégico” por Mason (1993). El aprendizaje estratégico se define como “el proceso por el cual una organización tiene sentido de su entorno de maneras que ensanchan la gama de objetivos que puede perseguir o de la gama de recursos y acciones disponibles para procesar estos objetivos.” (Mason, 1993:843)
3. Aprendizaje Secundario. Esto ocurre cuando las organizaciones aprenden cómo realizar Aprendizaje de circuito simple y de circuito doble. Las primeras dos formas de aprendizaje no ocurrirán si las organizaciones no están enteradas que el aprendizaje debe ocurrir. Cuando uno está enterado de su ignorancia se motiva a aprender (Nevis y otros., 1995). Esto significa identificar las orientaciones o los estilos de aprendizaje, y los procesos y las estructuras (factores facilitadores) requeridas para promover el aprendizaje. Nevis y otros., (1995) identifican siete estilos de aprendizaje y diez  factores facilitadores que influencian el aprendizaje. Por ejemplo, uno de los factores facilitadores es identificar la brecha de desempeño entre los resultados esperados y el desempeño que actualmente se logra. Este conocimiento hace que la organización reconozca que necesidades de aprendizaje tiene que satisfacer, y que entorno y procesos apropiados necesitan ser creados. Esto también significa reconocer el hecho de que los períodos muy largos de retroalimentación positiva o la falta de buena comunicación pueden bloquear el aprendizaje (Argyris, 1994).

El aprendizaje de circuito doble y Aprendizaje Secundario están referidos al Por qué y al Cómo cambiar la organización, mientras que el Aprendizaje de circuito simple trata de aceptar el cambio si cuestionar sus conjeturas subyacentes o las creencias centrales. Dodgson indica que el tipo de Aprendizaje Organizacional también depende de donde dentro de la organización, ocurre el  aprendizaje organizacional. Así, el aprender puede ocurrir en diversos procesos de la organización tales como investigación y desarrollo, diseño, ingeniería, industrial, comercialización, administración, y ventas.

Foro Discusiones en el Foro sobre Aprendizaje Organizacional. A continuación puede hacer una pregunta sobre este tema, compartir sus experiencias, informar un nuevo desarrollo o explicar algo. Iniciar un tema nuevo sobre Aprendizaje Organizacional Comparta sus conocimientos aquí (o haga una pregunta)   🔥 NUEVO trabajo de investigacion este tipo de investigaciones son muy utiles para los estudiantes por lo cual es bueno dar un ben uso de esta informacion encontrada ... 2   Organisation Learning Gap Analysis? Is there any measure to identify gaps (and work out an action plan) for organisation learning?... 8   2 comentarios Individual and Organizational Learning What is the relationship between individual and organizational learning?... 7   6 comentarios Recent article on Execution as Learning You may want to read the recent HBR article by Amy Edmondson on Execution as Learning, which is building on elements of the thinking of Argyris c.s.... 7   1 comentarios Value of Learning Culture What is the value to organizations in creating a learning organizational culture? How can organizations work towards creating this culture through its HRM/HRD strategies?... 7   Learning Organization & TQM The relationship between learning organization and Total Quality Management (TQM) is cause-and-effect. Learning is an intended outcome of TQM, TQM can be a vehicle for organizational learning and the ... 6   1 comentarios Organizational Learning from Failures: The Return on Failure Ratio Over the last decades, innovation and creativity have become critical skills for achieving success. A 2015 Boston Consulting Group survey indicated that a key obstacle to business innovation and growt... 5   Informed Decisions in Rapid Change If organizations have to make informed decisions in rapid change, then what kind of organizational learning process should we use?... 5   To Trigger Innovation and Organizational Learning, you need to Accept Creative Errors Today’s dynamic business environment provokes an increasing pressure for companies to innovate in order to stay competitive. Companies need to find their way In triggering innovative, experimental beh... 4   1 comentarios The Value of Contextual Awareness in Organisation Learning I think that even though learning by experience, though execution of similar projects, will be a valuable asset in solving problems of our current project under execution, it boils down to learning ab... 4   4 comentarios Implementing Organizational Learning I appreciate the concept of organizational learning. Its operationalization has been a problem. Many times it has been reduced to the training function in the organization. Indeed people have que... 4   1 comentarios Imperatives of Organisation Learning Types Kurt Lewin's model of unfreezing, moving & refreezing would further reinforce the points put forward by Prahalad, Hamel & Dodgson above. Single loop learning has managerial imperatives; Double loop ... 3   4 comentarios How to Grow Organization Learning with Rapid Changes of Technology? Companies that will be successful with OL need to identify what methods need to be adopted with current technology to ensure their competitive advantage.... 3   1 comentarios Best Practices to Sustain the Impact of Learning in Organisations Training and development are a critical factor in organizational development. However, how can we sustain the impact of learning within organizations; in other words, what best practices exist to ensu... 3   The Focus of Organizational Learning Departments Has to Change Organizations have to change and have to become better at changing. As a result, the way of working of the Organizational Learning Department (OLD) should no longer be to just take requests and p... 2   Applications and Usages of Organisational Learning In what forms is organisation learning applied in the various organisations? I'm trying to create a list of the main ways how organizational learning can be applied. Thanks...... 2

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Consejos de Expertos Conocimientos avanzados sobre Organizational Learning (Inglés). Aquí encontrará consejos profesionales de expertos. Barriers that Hinder Effective Knowledge Sharing Effective Knowledge Sharing, Pitfalls to Avoid, Knowledge Management Implementation According to Chris Collison, there are seven common barriers or syndromes that hinder effective knowledge sharing and se... Positive Effects of Age Diversity on Company Productivity and (Tacit) Knowledge Sharing Tacit Knowledge Transfer, Organizational Learning, Incentive Management Backes-Gellner and Veen (2013) outlined the main advantages of having a diverse workforce within a company. The followin... How to Identify and Map Knowledge Knowledge Identification, Knowledge Capturing, Knowledge Storage In his article “Knowledge Mapping: The Essentials for Success”, Wesley Vestal provides following six tips to identify an... Capturing Learned Lessons How to Capture Organizational Learning? Best Practices Knowledge from bad and good experiences will lead you and your organization to better future performance. You can improv... Critical Activities to Build a Learning Organization Implementing Organizational Learning, Best Practices Learning organizations are distinguished because they are undertaking certain activities to foster the internal learning... The Relationship between Organizational Learning and Performance Tensions and Remedies In a paper by Sara J. Singer and Amy C. Edmondson of HBS, the complexities of the relationship between learning and perf... Key Behaviors of Innovative Organizations Innovation Management, Culture Change, Organizational Change, Innovative Culture, Organizational Culture Many large-scale attempts to make organizations more innovative are experiencing organizational inertia, barriers and/or... How to Become a Self-tuning Enterprise: Advanced Experimenters Organizational Agility, Strategic Agility, Real Options, Emergent Strategy In an HBR article of June 2015, Reeves, Zeng and Venjara argue there's a new way to apply algorithmic principles that en... How Culture Levels Explain Failures in Organizational Learning and Innovation Improving Organizational Learning, Organizational Innovation, Changing Organization Cultures Schein (as cited by Bertagni et al., 2010) tries to elaborate on the question why organizational innovations often fail ... Additional Definitions of Organizational Learning Organizational Learning There is still a great deal of disagreement on what constitutes organizational learning. Most scholars view organization... What are Smart Creatives? Traits R&D, Product Development, Service Development, Strategy, Innovation, HR, Career Management To accommodate the strategic demands of the internet age, clever, creative knowledge workers are needed in product/servi... Generating New and Useful Ideas in Innovation: Avoiding the Primal Mark Innovation, Creativity, Organizational Innovativeness, Lateral Thinking, Out of the Box Thinking, Avoiding Anchoring In today's dynamic environment, to stay competitive continuous innovations and new ideas are important. For a creative i... Knowledge Management Scope Knowledge Management, Level of Know-how Research by Deishin Lee (HBS) and Eric Van den Steen (MIT) shows that recording mediocre know-how can actually be counte... Components of Learning Agility Organizational Agility, Organizational Learning, Knowledge Management One of the critical factors for achieving organizational agility is learning agility, which refers to the ability and ea... Knowledge Management Focal Point Knowledge Management Focus Research by Deishin Lee (HBS) and Eric Van den Steen (MIT) shows that information about successes is typically more usef...

Fuentes de Información Varias fuentes de información sobre Aprendizaje Organizacional. Aquí encontrará powerpoints, videos, noticias, etc. para usar en sus propias conferencias y talleres. Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning Models, Implementation, Overview, Examples An extensive presentation explaining both the concept of Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning by H. Gundogan... How to Improve Knowledge Sharing in Knowledge-intensive Organizations Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing Motivation, Knowledge Sharing Platform. Tacit Knowledge This presentation elaborates on the concept of knowledge sharing, thereby focusin on a knowledge-intensive organization ... Learning Agility and Enterprise Agility Organizational Agility This presentation provides insights into the usage of organizational agility in your organization. The presentation incl... Knowledge Management Systems Architecture Knowledge Management, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Systems, Knowledge Architecture This presentation is about knowledge development and management, including the following sections: 1. Overview 2. Know... Introduction to Knowledge Management: Foundation Principles and Building Concepts Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing, Learning Organization 1. What is Knowledge? 1. What is Knowledge Management? Definition 2. Knowledge Foundation Principles and Building Conc... Learning from Rare Experiences Organizational Learning Paper by Charles E. Eesley and Edward B. Roberts explores the conditions under which learning occurs from small samples ... Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning and Intellectual Capital Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning Presentation about organizational knowledge, learning and intellectual capital. The presentation includes the following ... Elements of a Cognitive Theory of the Firm Organizational Learning Paper by Bart Nooteboom presents elements of a cognitive theory of the firm, from the perspective of embodied cognition.... Organizational Learning: Single Loop Learning, Double Loop Learning and Triple Loop Learning Organizational Learning - Single loop new learning is about following the rules while trying to correct a problem. - Double loop learning could... Professor Evans Explains Why Fast Change Requires New Ways of Learning and Thinking Action Learning, Coping with Change, The Need of Change, The Need for New Ways of Learning In this historic video Action Learning Professor Reg Evans shows that it is very important to understand that today's ra... How to Integrate Internal Organizational Knowledge with External Online Communities Knowledge Management, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Sharing, Interaction, Knowledge in Organizations Due to many online and web-based technological developments in today´s digital economy, sharing knowledge in online comm... Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Learning through Communities of Practices Knowledge Sharing, Organizational Learning, Communities of Practices, Special Interest Groups Knowledge management in Communities of Practice (CoPs) This presentation is about organizational learning and knowledge... Three Levels of Knowledge Management Initial Understanding Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning According to Jury (2007), knowledge management can be categorized into three different levels, and organized in a pyrami... Introduction to Organizational Learning and Learning Organizations Organizational Learning, Learning Organizations Presentation that gives a clear overview to the concept of Organizational Learning (OL). The following sections are incl... Introduction of Organizational Learning Initial Understanding of Organizational Learning Peter Senge explains that Organizational Learning is about how organizations work at their bests. It comes down to how p... The Difference Between Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management Initial Understanding of the Difference Between OL en KM Dr. Edward Rogers puts forth that organizational learning and knowledge management are often considered to be synonyms a... How Single and Double Loop Learning Help Operational Managers Become Leaders Initial Understanding of Single and Double Loop Learning A great way for managers to get out of their operational mode and become leaders is to help them to stand back from day ...

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