Theory X Theory Y[X理论-Y理论] (McGregor)
Theory Z[Z理论] (Ouchi)

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什么是X理论和Y理论？ 释义

美国社会心理学家、麻省理工学院的Douglas McGregor教授在他的《企业的人性层面》（The Human Side of Enterprise，1960）一书中，提出了脍炙人口的X理论和Y理论模型。通过观察管理者处理员工关系的方式，McGregor发现，管理者关于人性的观点是建立在一些假设基础之上的，而管理者又根据这些假设来塑造他们自己对下属的行为方式，于是就提出了两种关于人性的基本假设。
 

McGregor教授个人倾向于Y理论，并认为Y理论是一种较好的管理模式，但是，他同时指出，Y理论很难用于大规模生产经营活动。

Z理论 - Ouchi

1980年， 美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的William Ouchi教授结合美国和日本的管理实践，在McGregorX理论-Y理论的基础上，提出了Z理论，它具有以下一些特征： 终身雇佣 - 集体决策 - 个人责任 - 较少的评估和提升 - 明确的、规范化的考察与暗示的、非正式控制相结合 - 适度的专业化职业发展轨迹 - 对员工包括其家庭在内的全面关怀。Ouchi认为，生产力建立于组织成员互信的基础上，而非资金或技术，这种互信代表着一种组织文化。这种互信的组织文化将渗透组织的每一个层级，它不仅可以调高组织的生产力，更能够满足员工的自尊。

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：X理论-Y理论-Z理论。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 开始一个新的论坛主题关于X理论-Y理论-Z理论 在这里分享您的知识（或提出问题）   Theory Z As the summary of Theory X and Y says, William Ouchi came up in 1981 with a variant that combined American and Japanese management practices together to form Theory Z, having the following characteris... 31   9条评论 What Determines Theory X or Theory Y In 9 out of 10 cases, the employer or leader determines the way workers behave. Workers who are treated as though they were incapable of responsibility are likely to become irresponsible even if they... 26   11条评论 Work Ethic: Most Employees Want to Work I believe that most employees want to work. There will always be a small percentage that will go against the grain. The problem is we fail each other. This happens by taking a motivated employee and... 24   1条评论 Theory X Will Always Prevail Because it is Innate in Man As long as an individual or group of individuals exists, Theory X will prevail because we cannot uproot the source of unpleasant behavior and attitude, which is innate in man. The challenge is to acce... 12   3条评论 Participative Management Managing in today's organization is complex due to the rapid changes in technology, etcetera. In order to remain competitive, many organizations had (have) to change management styles so they can effe... 7   1条评论 Applying Theory XY in Practice These motivational theories are excellent. However, how can we motivate the practicing administrators / bureaucrats to apply the tenets of these theories in their work situations?... 7   16条评论

专家提示 关于Theory X Theory Y Theory Z（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 Self-fulfilling Prophesies Further information An important aspect of McGregor's ideas is his belief that managers who hold either set of assumptions can create self-f... LEADER: Best Practices for Effective Leadership Behavior Leadership Behavior, Leadership Effectiveness, Leadership Style Following six short behavioral tips can help you to enhance your leadership efficiency: 1. L - LISTENING: Actively list... Differences in Organizational Commitment Between Paid Workers and Volunteers Organizational Commitment, Employee Motivation, Non-profit Organizations Paid and unpaid workers in hybrid organizations Although financial considerations are an important reason to work for a... Theory X problem Leadership McGregor pointed out that a command and control environment is not effective, because it includes lower desires as lever...

信息来源 有关X理论-Y理论-Z理论的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 How to Become a Master Manager? Introduction to Managing People. Know Thyself This good introduction presentation is about how to be a Master Manager. By J. S. Osland, D. A. Kolb, I. M. Rubin and M.... Human Motivation Motivating Employees Comprehesive presentation on Human / Employee Motivation. Topics: 1. What is motivation? 2. How do needs motivate peo... Theory X Management Style Introduction to Motivation, Workshops, Trainings Hilarious video showcases Theory X methods of motivation to increase productivity.... Young Steve Jobs on the Role of Managers Management, Leadership, Talent Management, Talent Acquisition, Talent Development This video is a nice start for any management course. Jobs shares some ideas on managers (in a high-tech environment) an... The X Model of Employee Engagement Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment, Amployee Attitude Organizations aim for success. And so do employees. But individuals (employees, executives, managers) have their own def... How to Achieve Employee Engagement Employee Empowerment, Employee Participation, Participative Management, Participative Leadership Tom Peters gives a short, but fundamental advice on how you can accomplish his 3rd and 4th principle (3. Autonomy and En...

研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源X理论-Y理论-Z理论。 新闻 视频 简报   书比人好 学术的 更多

比较：  Leadership Styles[领导风格]  |  Managerial Grid[管理方格理论]  |  Leadership Continuum[领导连续体]  |  Situational Leadership[情境领导]  |  Bases of Social Power[社会权力基础]  |  EPIC ADVISERS[史诗顾问]  |  Hierarchy of Needs[需求层次理论]  |  Expectancy Theory[期望理论]  |  Path-Goal Theory[路径-目标理论]  |  Hawthorne Effect[霍索恩效应]  |  ERG Theory[ERG理论]  |  Hertzberg Two Factor Theory[二因素理论]  |  Change Management[变革管理]  |  Seven Surprises[七大惊奇]  |  Seven Habits[七个习惯]  |  Eight Attributes of Management Excellence[卓越管理的八个属性]  |  Five Disciplines[五项修炼]  |  Ten Principles of Reinvention[企业型政府重塑10原则]  |  Fourteen Points of Management[质量管理14要点]  |  Charismatic Leadership[魅力型领导]  |  Theory of Needs[需求理论]

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