Theory X Theory Y[X理论-Y理论] (McGregor)
Theory Z[Z理论] (Ouchi)

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强硬管理，还是柔性管理？ Douglas McGregor的X理论、Y理论解析。 (‘60)。 William Ouchi的Z理论解析。 (‘81)

什么是X理论和Y理论？ 释义

美国社会心理学家、麻省理工学院的Douglas McGregor教授在他的《企业的人性层面》（The Human Side of Enterprise，1960）一书中，提出了脍炙人口的X理论和Y理论模型。通过观察管理者处理员工关系的方式，McGregor发现，管理者关于人性的观点是建立在一些假设基础之上的，而管理者又根据这些假设来塑造他们自己对下属的行为方式，于是就提出了两种关于人性的基本假设。
 

McGregor教授个人倾向于Y理论，并认为Y理论是一种较好的管理模式，但是，他同时指出，Y理论很难用于大规模生产经营活动。

Z理论 - Ouchi

1980年， 美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的William Ouchi教授结合美国和日本的管理实践，在McGregorX理论-Y理论的基础上，提出了Z理论，它具有以下一些特征： 终身雇佣 - 集体决策 - 个人责任 - 较少的评估和提升 - 明确的、规范化的考察与暗示的、非正式控制相结合 - 适度的专业化职业发展轨迹 - 对员工包括其家庭在内的全面关怀。Ouchi认为，生产力建立于组织成员互信的基础上，而非资金或技术，这种互信代表着一种组织文化。这种互信的组织文化将渗透组织的每一个层级，它不仅可以调高组织的生产力，更能够满足员工的自尊。

小组 - X理论-Y理论-Z理论 小组 (41名成员)

论坛 - X理论-Y理论-Z理论   在论坛部分，您将在此知识领域中找到最近的讨论。   Decision-making Method in Complex / Conflict Situations (1个反应) Game theory is the decision making skills in conflict situa...           Work Ethic: Most employees want to work (1个反应) I believe that most employees want to work. There will alway...           Influence of Culture on Theory X & Y (1个反应) I think application of theory x and y also depends on the cu...           Growing from Theory X to Z to Y (1个反应) - Theory X naturally comes to play at the inceptio...           Theory X and Theory Y: Administration vs. Management (4个反应) From what can be seen in the summary, in my opinion we can m...           Theory Y is a Farce in Practice (1个反应) I personally do not have much faith that theory Y is real in...           Theory Z Explanation Explain the Theory Z in brief as by little explanation its d...           Theory X will Always Prevail Cecause it is Innate in Man (1个反应) As long as an individual or group of individuals exists, The...           Job Requirements Influence X or Y Theory X and Y are dependent on the job requirements ...           Contribution for Today? What is the relevance of theory X and Y theory Z to modern m...           Why Participative Management is Needed in Today's High Tech World Managing in today's organization is very complex due to the ...           It's Time for Theory Z (2个反应) Long term employment may be seen as security of tenure. Seve...           In Practice you Need to Combine Theories (5个反应) It is not possible to put just one theory into practise with...           The Role of Favoritism in Recruitment (4个反应) Theory X and Theory Y are dependent too on recruitment and s...           Individual Backgrounds Theory Y states an ideal way on how people should work and i...           The Role of Empowerment (8个反应) We will always have X & Y type of people. What can make an X...           Contigency Management Principle (1个反应) Theory Y and theory X metamorphose into the           McGregor's XY Model is not a Model For Action (2个反应) The real Theory Z is that people don't understand that this ...           Dress Code, Bold Voice, Self Confidence and Motivation Power Whenever you try to guide someone, following three leader...           Theory U: The origin of leadership is irrelevant Individuals at the top, middle, and bottom of the organizati...           Applying Theory Z in Practice (1个反应) People with enough motivation and empowerment do not need to...           Role of Perception and Turbulence Theory X, Theory Y and Theory Z bring to mind the role of pe...           Theory X and Y in Nigeria What are real life situations or applications of theory X an...           Theory X, Y and Z in Government Organizations HI. I'd like to know your thoughts on Theories X, Y and Z (M...           Threatening Workers does not Work Workers are suppose to be motivated and not be threatened li...           No Prototypical Behavior I personally do not believe in prototypical behavior....

最佳实践 - X理论-Y理论-Z理论 在最佳实践部分，您将在此知识领域内找到最佳论坛讨论。   Theory Z is Rare but Growing (2个反应) Spiral Dynamics & Personal & Corporate Values Journey resear...           Theory X and Theory Y (1个反应) In 9 out of 10 cases, the employer or leader determines the ...           Applying Theory XY in Practice (9个反应) These motivational theories are excellent. However, how can ...

Expert Tips (ENG) - Theory X Theory Y Theory Z 在专家提示部分，您可以找到该知识领域专家的建议。   Self-fulfilling Prophesies Further information...       LEADER: Best Practices for Effective Leadership Behavior Leadership Behavior, Leadership Effectiveness, Leadership Style...       Differences in Organizational Commitment Between Paid Workers and Volunteers Organizational Commitment, Employee Motivation, Non-profit Organizations...       Theory X problem Leadership...

相关资料 - X理论-Y理论-Z理论 在参考资料部分，您将在此知识领域内找到powerpoint演示文稿，微观学习视频，文章，新闻项目等。   新闻关于理论 McGregor         新闻关于理论 Ouchi         视频关于理论 McGregor         视频关于理论 Ouchi         简报关于理论 McGregor         简报关于理论 Ouchi         更多关于理论 McGregor         更多关于理论 Ouchi

比较：  Leadership Styles[领导风格]  |  Managerial Grid[管理方格理论]  |  Leadership Continuum[领导连续体]  |  Situational Leadership[情境领导]  |  Bases of Social Power[社会权力基础]  |  EPIC ADVISERS[史诗顾问]  |  Hierarchy of Needs[需求层次理论]  |  Expectancy Theory[期望理论]  |  Path-Goal Theory[路径-目标理论]  |  Hawthorne Effect[霍索恩效应]  |  ERG Theory[ERG理论]  |  Hertzberg Two Factor Theory[二因素理论]  |  Change Management[变革管理]  |  Seven Surprises[七大惊奇]  |  Seven Habits[七个习惯]  |  Eight Attributes of Management Excellence[卓越管理的八个属性]  |  Five Disciplines[五项修炼]  |  Ten Principles of Reinvention[企业型政府重塑10原则]  |  Fourteen Points of Management[质量管理14要点]  |  Charismatic Leadership[魅力型领导]  |  Theory of Needs[需求理论]

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