What is the Marketing Mix? Description
The Marketing Mix model (also known as the 4 P's) can be used by marketers
as a tool to assist in defining the marketing strategy. Marketing managers
use this method to attempt to generate the optimal response in the target
market by blending 4 (or 5, or 7) variables in an optimal way. It is important
to understand that the Marketing Mix principles are controllable variables.
The Marketing Mix can be adjusted on a frequent basis to meet the changing
needs of the target group and the other dynamics of the marketing environment.
Product
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Historically, the thinking was: a good product will sell itself. However
there are no bad products anymore in today's highly competitive markets.
Plus there are many laws giving customers the right to send back products
that he perceives as bad. Therefore the question on product has become:
does the organization create what its intended customers want? Define
the characteristics of your product or service that meets the needs
of your customers. |
Functionality; Quality; Appearance; Packaging; Brand;
Service; Support; Warranty. |
Price |
How much are the intended customers willing to pay? Here we decide
on a pricing strategy - do not let it just happen! Even if you decide
not to ask (enough) money for a product or service, you must realize
that this is a conscious decision and forms part of the pricing strategy.
Although competing on price is as old as mankind, the consumer is often
still sensitive for price discounts and special offers. Price has also
an irrational side: something that is expensive must be good. Permanently
competing on price is for many companies not a very sensible approach. |
List Price; Discounts; Financing; Leasing Options; Allowances.
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Place |
Available at the right place, at the right time, in the right quantities?
Some of the recent major changes in business have come about by changing
Place. Think of the
Internet
and mobile telephones. |
Locations; Logistics; Channel members; Channel Motivation; Market
Coverage; Service Levels; Internet; Mobile. |
Promotion |
(How) are the chosen target groups informed or educated about the
organization and its products? This includes all the weapons in the
marketing armory - advertising, selling, sales promotions,
Direct Marketing, Public
Relations, etc. While the other three P's have lost much of their meanings
in today's markets, Promotion has become the most important P to focus
on. |
Advertising; Public Relations; Message; Direct Sales; Sales; Media;
Budget. |
The function of the Marketing Mix is to help develop a package (mix) that
will not only satisfy the needs of the customers within the target markets,
but simultaneously to maximize the performance of the organization. There
have been many attempts to increase the number of P's from 4 to 5P's in the
Marketing Mix model. The most frequently mentioned one being People or Personnel.
Booms and Bitner have suggested a
7-Ps approach for services-oriented companies.
Book: Nirmalya
Kumar - Marketing As Strategy: Understanding the CEO's Agenda..
Book: David A.
Aaker - Strategic Marketing Management
Forum discussions about the Marketing Mix | The 4Ps. Below you can ask a question about this topic, share your experiences, report a new development, or explain something.
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The 5 Product Levels Model (Kotler)
PRODUCT
What is a Product really? It is anything that a firm offers to satisfy the needs or wants of the market. This could include physical goods, services, person, place, information, experiences, ...
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The SIVA Model of Marketing
An interesting customer-focused variant of the 4Ps was suggested by Chekitan S. Dev and Don E. Schultz in Marketing Management v.14 n.1 January/February 2005. Their approach is known as the SIVA model...
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New Marketing Mix Concept: SAVE
We are familiar with the concept of 4P of marketing, Product, Place, Price and Promotion.
We are finding that these are no longer the same and it's time to replace them by a new marketing mix concept...
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Necessary Skills of Marketers
According to Kotler (1972), effective marketing consists of analysing, planning, organising and controlling marketing efforts:
ANALYSIS: marketers have to be good at
- Market analysis to identify ...
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The best, top-rated topics about the Marketing Mix | The 4Ps. Here you will find the most valuable ideas and practical suggestions.
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Before using the Marketing Mix
Most marketers emphasize the marketing mix. In my opinion, The most important part of the marketing plan is knowing what are the customer requirements. Firstly, you must drill down to your target's b...
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Marketing Mix During Recesssion
In a situation of recession I think even the top marketing methods are not working. The customer will look at the mandatory requirements rather than going in to promotional schemes and advertisements....
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Advanced insights about the Marketing Mix | The 4Ps. Here you will find professional advices by experts.
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How to Determine the Right PRICING? Steps to Strategic Pricing One of the 4 P's is Pricing. To help managers find the right price for a product/service, Kim and Mauborgne have develop...
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The Most Complete Marketing Mix Marketing, Strategy, Marketing Mix The 'Total Marketing Mix' includes 4Ps, 4Cs,4As and 4Os:
4Ps: Product, Price, Promotion and Place
4Cs: Customer needs,...
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The Renewed 4P Marketing Mix Marketing, Strategy, Marketing Mix Arussy suggests in his article "Congratulations, You Are at Par: The New Four P's" that the traditional 4P's are no long...
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Understanding your Customer's Needs Customer Targeting and Strategy In order to transform your customer’s experience and to better understand your customer’s needs, it is helpful to constr...
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Are the variables really controllable? Marketing Strategy A key assumption of the 4PS model is that the 4 variables are controllable and can be 'mixed' by the marketer into an op...
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Marketing Mix from the Customer Perspective Marketing, Strategy, Marketing Mix In contrast to the 4P's Marketing Mix by McCarthy, Robert Lauterborn suggests a 4C's Marketing Mix model in order to con...
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The Role of the 4P's in an Online Enviroment E-Marketing, Strategy Although the 4P's are not the critical factors in an online environment, they are still more or less important and neces...
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The Goals of Marketing Marketing, Strategy, Marketing Mix No matter your words combination, according to marketing consultant Don Debelak (Streetwise Marketing Plan, 2000) we hav...
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Going Global: Adaptation of Marketing Mix Components Marketing Strategy, Global Marketing, International Marketing, Marketing Mix, 4Ps As we all know, companies that conduct business internationally are often adapting their products to the markets served....
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Don't Forget Internal Marketing Involving your Employees, Internal Marketing Best Practices Besides external marketing, dealing with the image, look and view how customers see or define your organization, interna...
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Various sources of information regarding the Marketing Mix | The 4Ps. Here you will find powerpoints, videos, news, etc. to use in your own lectures and workshops.
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How Integrated Marketing Works Marketing, Promotion, Branding, 4 Ps, 7 Ps Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is designed to leverage the intrinsic strengths of each communication discipli...
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External Environment In-depth: Sub-types and How to Manage Them External Environment, Environmental Scanning, Environmental Management, Competitive Environment This presentation covers the topic of external environments and includes the following sections:
1. Environmental Scann...
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Overview of Pricing and Pricing Strategies Pricing This presentation contains an overview of various pricing strategies, including for example pricing based on competition...
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Product Packaging Marketing, Sustainable Business, Environmental Sustainability, Packaging In-depth presentation about packaging and sustainable packaging. The presentation is very extensive and uses head sectio...
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The 2 Worlds of Marketing and Sales Making Sales and Marketing Work Together, Understanding the Differences Funny explanation of Marketing versus Sales by contrasting and comparing them with short sketches....
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What is Integrated Marketing? Integrated Marketing, Communication, Promotion, Branding, IMC In short, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is the application of consistent messages on a company, brands, produ...
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Funny Intro to Marketing Concepts in 2 Minutes Initial Understanding of Marketing Terms, Marketing Intro, Marketing Fun, Trainings, Workshops Funny explanation of direct marketing, advertising, telemarketing, public relations, brand recognition, customer feedbac...
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Marketing Communications Mix Marketing Communications Mix, Database Marketing, Online Marketing Five major tools (i.e. Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, and Direct Marketing) melded to...
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Introduction and Summary of the 4P's Initial Understanding of the 4P's, Trainings, Workshops Short, very basic introduction of the 4 Ps or the Marketing Mix, a business framework that helps marketers to consider 4...
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Compare with the 4-Ps: Extended
Marketing Mix (7-Ps) |
4S Web Marketing
Mix | 3C's |
Product/Market Grid |
SERVQUAL |
Competitive Advantage
framework | BCG Matrix
| Bass Diffusion
Model | Positioning
| Co-Creation
| Disruptive
Innovation |
Relationship Marketing
Return to Management Hub: Communication & Skills | Marketing & Sales
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