什么是卡拉杰克模型? 释义
卡拉杰克矩阵(Kraljic Matrix)最早出现于彼得·卡拉杰克(Peter Kraljic)的《采购必须纳入供应管理》(Purchasing must become Supply Management)一文,这篇文章发表在1983年9-10月号的《哈佛商业评论》上。 该矩阵被用作为公司采购组合的分析工具。
卡拉杰克矩阵以采购所牵涉的两个重要方面作为其维度(参见附图):
- 收益影响(Profit Impact): 采购项目在产品增值、原材料总成本比及产品收益等方面的战略影响。
- 供应风险(Supply Risk): 供应市场的复杂性、技术创新及原材料更替的步伐、市场进入的门槛、物流成本及复杂性、以及供给垄断或短缺等市场条件。
据此,卡拉杰克模型将采购项目分为四个类别:
- 杠杆项目(Leverage Items)。
- 释义: 所谓杠杆项目就是可选供应商较多、能够为买家带来较高利润的采购项目。 替换供应商较为容易。 具有标准化的产品质量标准。
- 买卖双方地位: 买方主动,相互依赖性一般。
- 采购战略推荐: 采购招标,供应商选择,目标订价,与首选供应商达成一揽子协议, 最后按正常供应程序执行、处理分订单(Call-Off Order)。
- 战略项目(Strategic Items)。
- 释义: 所谓战略项目就是对买方的产品或生产流程至关重要的采购项目。 这些项目往往由于供给稀缺或运输困难而具有较高的供应风险。
- 买卖双方地位: 力量均衡,相互依赖性较高。
- 采购战略推荐: 战略联盟,紧密联系,供应商尽早介入,共同创造,并充分考虑垂直整合,关注长期价值。
- 非关键性项目(Non-Critical Items)。
- 释义: 所谓非重要性项目就是指供给丰富、采购容易、财务影响较低的采购项目。 具有标准化的产品质量标准。
- 买卖双方地位: 力量均衡,相互依赖性较低。
- 采购战略推荐: 通过提高产品标准和改进生产流程,减少对此类项目的采购投入。
- 瓶颈项目(Bottleneck Items)。
- 释义: 所谓瓶颈项目就是指只能由某一特定供应商提供、运输不便、财务影响较低的采购项目。
- 买卖双方地位: 卖方主动,相互依赖性一般。
- 采购战略推荐: 数量保险合同,供应商管理库存,确保额外库存,寻找潜在供应商。
卡拉杰克模型的起源。 历史
作为资产投资管理工具,投资组合模型这一概念最初是由哈里·马科维茨(Harry M. Markowitz)于1950年代提出。 1983年,卡拉杰克率先将此组合概念引入采购领域。
卡拉杰克模型的运用。 应用
- 采购组合分析。
- 促使采购部门关注最为重要的采购项目。
- 外包非关键性项目及杠杆项目。
卡拉杰克模型的步骤。 流程
- 采购组合分析准备。
- 确定收益影响及供应风险的具体原则。
- 决定采购组合分析的层次(分析深入至单体项目,还是以组为单位进行? 分析是以部门、事业单元还是公司整体为单位进行?)
- 将掌握的数据信息输入卡拉杰克矩阵。
-
对结果进行分析讨论。
-
为矩阵各象限制定采购战略和执行措施。
-
战略执行和监督。
卡拉杰克模型 小组。

小组 (43名成员)
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关于卡拉杰克模型的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。
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关于Kraljic Model(英语)的高级见解。在这里,您将找到专家的专业建议。
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有关卡拉杰克模型的各种信息来源。在这里,您将找到Powerpoint,视频,新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。
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比较: Co-Creation[共同创造] | Outsourcing[外包] | 3rd Party Logistics[3PL,第三方物流] | Vendor Managed Inventory[供应商管理库存] | Value Chain[价值链] | Vertical Integration[垂直整合] | Value Stream Mapping[价值流程图] | Five Forces[五力模式]模型
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