Kraljic Model[卡拉杰克模型]

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什么是卡拉杰克模型？ 释义

卡拉杰克矩阵（Kraljic Matrix）最早出现于彼得·卡拉杰克（Peter Kraljic）的《采购必须纳入供应管理》（Purchasing must become Supply Management）一文，这篇文章发表在1983年9-10月号的《哈佛商业评论》上。 该矩阵被用作为公司采购组合的分析工具。

卡拉杰克矩阵以采购所牵涉的两个重要方面作为其维度（参见附图）：

• 收益影响（Profit Impact）： 采购项目在产品增值、原材料总成本比及产品收益等方面的战略影响。
• 供应风险（Supply Risk）： 供应市场的复杂性、技术创新及原材料更替的步伐、市场进入的门槛、物流成本及复杂性、以及供给垄断或短缺等市场条件。

据此，卡拉杰克模型将采购项目分为四个类别：

1. 杠杆项目（Leverage Items）。
   • 释义： 所谓杠杆项目就是可选供应商较多、能够为买家带来较高利润的采购项目。 替换供应商较为容易。 具有标准化的产品质量标准。
   • 买卖双方地位： 买方主动，相互依赖性一般。
   • 采购战略推荐： 采购招标，供应商选择，目标订价，与首选供应商达成一揽子协议， 最后按正常供应程序执行、处理分订单（Call-Off Order）。
2. 战略项目（Strategic Items）。
   • 释义： 所谓战略项目就是对买方的产品或生产流程至关重要的采购项目。 这些项目往往由于供给稀缺或运输困难而具有较高的供应风险。
   • 买卖双方地位： 力量均衡，相互依赖性较高。
   • 采购战略推荐： 战略联盟，紧密联系，供应商尽早介入，共同创造，并充分考虑垂直整合，关注长期价值。
3. 非关键性项目（Non-Critical Items）。
   • 释义： 所谓非重要性项目就是指供给丰富、采购容易、财务影响较低的采购项目。 具有标准化的产品质量标准。
   • 买卖双方地位： 力量均衡，相互依赖性较低。
   • 采购战略推荐： 通过提高产品标准和改进生产流程，减少对此类项目的采购投入。
4. 瓶颈项目（Bottleneck Items）。
   • 释义： 所谓瓶颈项目就是指只能由某一特定供应商提供、运输不便、财务影响较低的采购项目。
   • 买卖双方地位： 卖方主动，相互依赖性一般。
   • 采购战略推荐： 数量保险合同，供应商管理库存，确保额外库存，寻找潜在供应商。

卡拉杰克模型的起源。 历史

作为资产投资管理工具，投资组合模型这一概念最初是由哈里·马科维茨（Harry M. Markowitz）于1950年代提出。 1983年，卡拉杰克率先将此组合概念引入采购领域。

卡拉杰克模型的运用。 应用

• 采购组合分析。
• 促使采购部门关注最为重要的采购项目。
• 外包非关键性项目及杠杆项目。

卡拉杰克模型的步骤。 流程

1. 采购组合分析准备。
2. 确定收益影响及供应风险的具体原则。
3. 决定采购组合分析的层次（分析深入至单体项目，还是以组为单位进行？ 分析是以部门、事业单元还是公司整体为单位进行？）
4. 将掌握的数据信息输入卡拉杰克矩阵。

5. 对结果进行分析讨论。

6. 为矩阵各象限制定采购战略和执行措施。

7. 战略执行和监督。

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信息来源 有关卡拉杰克模型的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Power and Interdependence in Kraljic's Purchasing Portfolio Matrix Purchasing Portfolio Management, Buyer-supplier Relationships, Power and Interdependence A remarkable finding of this paper by Marjolein C.J. Cani�ls and C.J. Gelderman is the observed supplier dominance in th... Why partners do not fit into purchasing Portfolio models Purchasing Management In this paper Anna Dubois and Ann-Charlott Pedersen argue that the starting point in 'given' products in addition to a d... Procurement Category Management Procurement, Purchasing, CIPS Category Management, Purchasing Category Management, Strategic Sourcing The attached presentation is adapted from the CIPS "Advanced Category Management" materials. The purposes of categorizi... Industrial Purchasing Buying Behavior, Decision Making, Purchasing Process, B2B Purchasing, Procurement Process This presentation provides insight into industrial buying and includes the following sections: - Characteristics of Org... Kraljic Model Diagram Purchasing Portfolio Mgt. Download and edit this 12manage PowerPoint graphic for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing in ...

研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源卡拉杰克模型。 新闻 视频 简报 书比人好 学术的 更多

比较： Co-Creation[共同创造]  |  Outsourcing[外包]  |  3rd Party Logistics[3PL，第三方物流]  |  Vendor Managed Inventory[供应商管理库存]  |  Value Chain[价值链]  |  Vertical Integration[垂直整合]  |   Value Stream Mapping[价值流程图]  |  Five Forces[五力模式]模型

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