Kraljic Modellen (Kraljic Matrisen)

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Vad är Kraljic modellen? Beskrivning

Kraljic matrisen från Peter Kraljic beskrevs första gången i en artikel ”Purchasing must become Supply Chain Management” i Harvard Business Review (Sep-Oct 1983). Kraljic modellen kan användas till att analysera den inköpsportföljen hos ett företag.

Kraljic ramverket baseras på två dimensioner för att klassificera företagets inköpta material eller komponenter (se bilden):

• Vinsteffekt: ”Den strategiska betydelsen av att köpa in utifrån det mervärde man kan åstadkomma per produktlinje, procentandel råmaterial i förhållande till totala kostnaden och deras effekt på lönsamheten”.
• Lagerrisk (Supply): ”Komplexiteten hos lagertillförselmarknaden mätt genom lagerbrist, teknologiförändringshastighet och/eller material ersättning, inträdesbarriärer, logistikkostnad eller komplexitet, och monopol eller oligopol förutsättningar”.

Modellen skiljer mellan följande fyra produktkategorier:

1. Hävstångsbringande varor.
   • Definition: Hävstångsvaror är produkter som representerar en hög procentsats av köparens vinst och där det finns många tillgängliga leverantörer. Det är lätt att byta leverantör. Kvaliteten är standardiserad.
   • Köpare-säljaremaktssituation: balanserad köpare, lagom nivå av beroende.
   • Rekommenderad inköpsstrategi: Upphandling/Anbud , Leverantörsval, riktad prissättning, paraplyöverenskommelse med önskvärda leverantörer. Avropningsorders läggs därefter som en administrativ formalitet.
2. Strategiska varor.
   • Definition: Strategiska varor är produkter som är avgörande för processen eller produkten för köparen. De karakteriseras av en hög tillförselrisk orsakad av ringa tillgång eller svår leverans.
   • Köpare-säljaremaktssituation: allsidig makt, hög nivå av beroende
   • Rekommenderad inköpsstrategi: Strategisk Allians, täta relationer, tidig leverantörsmedverkan, Co-Creation (Samskapande) (Prahalad Ramaswamy), överväga Vertikal Integration, långsiktigt värde fokus.
3. Icke kritiska varor.
   • Definition: Okritiska varor är produkter som är lätta att köpa och har också en relativt liten effekt på det finansiella resultatet. Kvaliteten är standardiserad.
   • Köpare-säljaremaktssituation: balanserad makt, låg nivå av beroende
   • Rekommenderad inköpsstrategi: minska tid och pengar som spenderas på dessa produkter genom att öka på produktstandardiseringen och effektivt bearbetande.
4. Flaskhalsvaror.
   • Definition: Flaskhalsvaror är produkter som det endast kan köpas av från en leverantör, eller deras leverans är annars opålitlig och haf en relativt liten effekt på det finansiella resultaten.
   • Köpare-säljaremaktssituation: leverantörendominerad, lagom nivå av beroende.
   • Rekommenderad inköpsstrategi: Volymförsäkringsavtal Leverantörsstyrda Lager, VMI, hålla extra lager, söker efter potentiella leverantörer.

Ursprunget till Kraljic modellen. Historia

Portföljmodellkonceptet utvecklades ursprungligen av Markowitz (1952), som använde det som ett instrument för att klara av egna kapitalinvesteringar. Kraljic (1983) var den första tog fram och arbetade med portföljmodeller på inköpsområdet.

Användningen av Kraljic matrisen. Användningsområden

• Analysera inköpsportföljen.
• Fokus på inköpsavdelningar för att de skall spendera deras tid på de produkter som betyder mest.
• Utkontraktering av okritiska varor och hävstångsvaror.

Stegen i Kraljic modellen. Process

1. Förbered portföljanalys.
2. Bestäm kriterier för vinsteffekt och tillförsel risker
3. Avgör detaljnivån i portföljanalysen (artikel- eller artikelgruppnivån? På vilken nivå avdelning, affärsenhet eller hela företaget?)
4. Fyll i Kraljicmatrisen.

5. Analysera och diskutera resultaten.

6. Definiera att inköpsportföljstrategi- och förbättringsåtgärder per kvadrant i det Kraljic:a ramverket.

7. Genomföra och övervaka strategin.

Diskussioner Forum om Kraljic Modellen | Kraljic Matrisen. Starta ett nytt ämne Dela din kunskap eller ställ en fråga   What is Purchase Marketing? I'm trying to find out what purchase marketing is? Thanks for your ideas and hints.... 10   1 kommentarer Beyond the Steady State What impact will the emergence of a service free public sector, that is failure immune or failure compensated, have on emergence in bottleneck markets, and what are the sustainability issues?... 9   Types of E-Procurement Tools I am looking for categories / types of E-procurement tools. Can you give me some ideas?... 9   Sustainability Criteria in Purchasing Strategy How to integrate environmental criteria into purchasing decision models, especially Kraljic's one ?... 9   1 kommentarer E-Procurement Strategy per Category What are typical E-Procurement strategies a Chief Procurement Officer can design for each given purchasing category? Any help will be appreciated. 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Presently I am managing the supply chain in power ge... 5   2 kommentarer Tips on Managing a Procurement Department I am a student at St. Augustine University of Tanzania and I am looking for advices on the issue of procurement and supply management on how can I manage the procurement department becouse I have no e... 5   1 kommentarer Software Procurement & Automotive SPICE From the perspective of an OEM buyer, managing the commodity group, electronics and software, what experience do my fellow 12manage colleagues have with using automotive SPICE (Software Process Improv... 5   1 kommentarer Rate Contract versus System Contract What is the difference between a rate contract and a system contract and which is more effective in terms of cost?... 5   Strategic Process for Global Sourcing I need to understand the process steps which are to be considered to prepare a global procurement strategy... 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Do you approach your customers saying "give me the re... 3   22 kommentarer Extensive Bargaining in Procurement Positioning Matrix What is the most appropriate quadrant in the procurement positioning matrix to which an extensive (hard) bargaining strategy is best suited? Please motivate your point of view.... 3   1 kommentarer Product Re-engineering in Procurement Positioning Matrix What is the most appropriate quadrant in the procurement positioning matrix to which a product development / product re-engineering strategy is best suited? Please motivate your point of view.... 3   1 kommentarer Procurement Outsourcing in Procurement Positioning Matrix What is the most appropriate quadrant in the procurement positioning matrix to which a procurement outsourcing strategy is best suited? 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It is a business model and ... 1   1 kommentarer Dealing with a Unique Supplier While You Don't Have Negotiation Power Sometimes you have to close a negotiation process but you don´t have any negotiation power because your volume for purchasing is low, while your supplier is unique for the project or service you need.... 0   5 kommentarer

Best Practices Topprankade ämnen om Kraljic Modellen | Kraljic Matrisen. Här hittar du de mest värdefulla idéerna och praktiska förslagen. Examples of the 4 Product Categories of Kraljic I don't manage to draw up a clear difference between the 4 categories of product. I am operating in the milling industry. We buy raw materials, packing materials, spares and stationery. Which is which... 16   6 kommentarer Public Procurement Process Can somebody give more information about public procurement processes? Thanks.... 13   5 kommentarer Factors to Analyse a Purchasing Portfolio Beyond those in the Kraljic Model Dear all, as written in the summary of the Kraljic Model, if we need to analyze our purchasing portfolio, we can use this model to help us consider 2 interrelated factors which are crucial in drafting... 5   3 kommentarer

Experttips Avancerad insikt om Kraljic Model (Engelsk). Här hittar du professionella råd från experter. Supplier Selection Models Supplier Selection, Supplier Evaluation, Best Practices Supplier selection has traditionally been described as being based on the five Rs: 1. Right price 2. Right quality 3.... Three Reasons for Dysfunctional Buyer - Supplier Relationships Supply Chain Management, Purchasing, Alliances, Partnerships, Supply Chain Relations Roloff, Aßländer and Nayier (2015) did research on the conditions for (un)successful buyer-supplier relationships and fo... Price Relates to Quality not the Other Way Around Best Practice Everybody is looking for the best Price/Quality ratio. But although most companies submitting an RFP know exactly what t... Obtaining a High Supplier Quality Best Practice to Consider W. Edward Deming, a well-known management consultant, strongly recommended Sole (Single) Sourcing as the only management...

Informationskällor Olika informationskällor om Kraljic Modellen | Kraljic Matrisen. Här hittar du powerpoints, videor, nyheter etc. som du kan använda i dina egna föreläsningar och workshops. Power and Interdependence in Kraljic's Purchasing Portfolio Matrix Purchasing Portfolio Management, Buyer-supplier Relationships, Power and Interdependence A remarkable finding of this paper by Marjolein C.J. Caniëls and C.J. Gelderman is the observed supplier dominance in th... Why partners do not fit into purchasing Portfolio models Purchasing Management In this paper Anna Dubois and Ann-Charlott Pedersen argue that the starting point in 'given' products in addition to a d... Procurement Category Management Procurement, Purchasing, CIPS Category Management, Purchasing Category Management, Strategic Sourcing The attached presentation is adapted from the CIPS "Advanced Category Management" materials. The purposes of categorizi... Industrial Purchasing Buying Behavior, Decision Making, Purchasing Process, B2B Purchasing, Procurement Process This presentation provides insight into industrial buying and includes the following sections: - Characteristics of Org... Kraljic Model Diagram Purchasing Portfolio Mgt. Download and edit this 12manage PowerPoint graphic for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing in ...

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