Just-in-time[JIT，即时生产]

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什么是即时生产？ 释义

即时生产（JIT）最先由日本丰田汽车公司的Taiichi Ohno于上个世纪70年代初期提出， 它是一种生产管理哲学。   JIT要求物料供应部门只有在装配流程需要时才向组装厂提供零配件，从而减少浪费。 JIT理论的核心是看板管理（Kanban），Kanban是日语“卡片”的意思。 当生产/装配线上的原材料、零部件耗尽时，就会将Kanban送到仓库，要求仓储部门按照Kanban标明的定量提供原料、配件。 JIT对精度的要求很高，即正确的部件必须即时地抵达准确的地点（装配线）。 它主要应用于大规模重复生产流程。

即时生产的沿革

JIT源于以下两个原因：

1. 日本企业希望改进其生产质量。 历史上，日本企业也曾因为生产质量不过关而享有恶名，尤其是汽车制造业。
2. Kaizen[改善]，日本企业实现持续改进的另一个方法。 

即时生产的理论架构认为，库存是规划不当、生产僵硬、设备错误以及质量问题的一个可怜借口， JIT的目标就是要在尽可能减少库存的同时，提高顾客需求反应速度。 库存虽然有助于快速应对不断变化的顾客需求，但是不可避免地将增加成本以及对营运资金的需求。

1990年，James Womack出版了《改变世界的机器》（The Machine that Changed the World）一书，率先提出了“精益制造”（Lean Manufacturing）的概念， 有时也称作为： “精益生产”（Lean Production）。 这些新鲜名词、时髦方法背后的法则与Taiichi Ohno发展的“即时生产”并没有本质区别。

即时生产的关注点

以下几个方面是JIT实施过程中要尤为注意的：

• 减少库存。
• 少量生产、批量生产。
• 控制质量。
• 减小复杂程度，增加透明度。
• 组织结构、层级关系扁平化。
• 废料率最小化。

外延扩展的JIT

随着互联网技术的广泛运用，以及供应链规划软件的问世，公司已经能够将JIT扩展延伸至组织边界之外。 通过要求供应商实时提供原材料，实现JIT生产，公司的订货、配送等流程变得更快捷、更灵活、更高效。 现在，综合化的供需网络（亦被称之为“电子供应链”）已经正在形成。

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：即时生产。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 开始一个新的论坛主题关于即时生产 在这里分享您的知识（或提出问题）   🔥 新 如何提高玩具的生产效率 生产效率是每一个玩具企业都想不断提高的一个想法。 但如何提高呢？ 1：激励工人的积极性。 2：合理安排物料控制，减少待料时间。 3：减少不必... 3   Single Minute Exchange of Dies Dear reader, I am currently working on a Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) project in a beer production facility. To implement SMED, I need to determine the baseline on which processes are done n... 14   6条评论 Combining JIT and Outsourcing JIT and outsourcing go hand in hand. On one side it seems contradictory. JIT stands for producing and delivering to the customer what he wants when he wants. This is an extreme challenging condition.... 13   2条评论 How to Reduce the Vendor Risks with Just-in-Time ? When we execute JIT, we normally require our vendor to prepare some stock to deliver fast. If there are design change requests, or other products updates, how to reduce vendor stock risk?... 9   1条评论 Can Just-in-Time Work Without Kanban? Just-in-Time is a basic philosophy or a paradigm. If you read about it, you still have no idea HOW to do it. Kanban however gives a practical way to achieve Just-in-Time. As Taiichi Ohno says:�Kanban... 8   Importance of Inventory Velocity Why is inventory velocity so important in supply chain management?... 6   2条评论 Experiences with Including Purchased Parts in Kanban Taiichi Ohno was plant manager of a Toyota factory when he started experimenting with JIT, Kanban and other Lean tools. This is one of his stories: � � we used Kanban in select areas only and the pur... 6   1条评论 Sustainable Business Approach after Years of JIT I had a very interesting conversation with someone who has become recently Chief Sustainability Officer of a top 10 pharma company (after years as global head of engineering there). He is using a Sus... 5   2条评论 Just-in-time Needs Flexibility Of course, Just-in-time needs a flexible manufacturing system. But actually, this flexibility has several aspects. For a proper functioning JIT-system, flexibility is required towards: * Changes in ... 5   1条评论 Classification of Lean Tools Can you briefly explain how to classify lean tools? I mean: different people seem to classify Lean tools in different ways, for example according to the 8 wastes. Who can give me another way to class... 5   1条评论 Kanban and Procurement Planning Does the Kanban or the pull system contradict with the procurement planning early in the project life cycle?... 5   2条评论 The Impact of JIT on the Organization of Production Planning JIT will have a strong impact on your organization of production planning. With JIT, a factory should operate in a company similar as the autonomic nervous system in the human body. For example the h... 5   1条评论 List of Barriers to Just-in-Time | Barriers to JIT Though JIT as a theoretical concept seems superb, there are practical barriers in getting this concept to work in reality and get JIT implemented properly. Let's create a complete a list of all those ... 4   4条评论 JIT in Variable Marketplaces In trying to implement a JIT system within my organisation. We are finding difficulties due to the random flows we are seeing. This random flow of products is making it hard to establish optimal stock... 4   5条评论 Customer Support in Just in Time is Needed I think for implementing Just-In-Time, the customer must support it with firm and better forecasting, co-operative and committed for inwarding supplies as per the issued schedules. Else we will get sa... 3   1条评论 Information Velocity Why is information velocity important in supply chain management?... 3   2条评论 Poka Yoke - Explanation Poka Yoke is a method that shapes the production process the way it gets almost impossible to make mistakes. Employees have to make improvements in the process and needs to come up with proposals on h... 3   1条评论 Disadvantages of JIT A lean system has no resilience. Integrating JIT as far as possible back up the supply line creates rigid connections between manufacturing units, leaving the entire system vulnerable to exogenous fa... 2   14条评论 JIT is Playground for Big Companies I think that JIT or zero inventory or any system aiming similar targets needs power to execute. There are three cushions against delivery time variability. 1. Stock 2. Extra capacity 3. Unhappy cus... 0   4条评论 Intent of Just in Time In my view, ultimately the intent of just in time is to minimise cost. Which must be understood very well and planning should be done accordingly. For example if a process takes changeover time of 4 h... -1   4条评论

最佳实践 关于即时生产的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 🥇 Definition of Just-in-time JIT can be considered as: 1. A way of life 2. A philosophy of continuous improvement 3. A way to achieve manufacturing excellence by continually eliminating waste.... 20   3条评论 🥈 Assumptions of Just-in-time (JIT) Assumptions for effective JIT: 1. It depends on the type of product a company is manufacturing. JIT works best in food (perishable) business, fashion but can also be applied in cars manufacturing lik... 16   6条评论 🥉 The Principles of Lean Lean works on certain principles: 1. Identify customer specific value (customer requirements); 2. Value stream mapping for the process (identify process); 3. Create flow (reduce cycle time); 4. El... 11   4条评论 Lean Manufacturing Tools for Beginners Could somebody tell me what are the most important lean tools and techniques that should be used in a company that are about to implement lean manufacturing for the first time? Why? Thank you for your... 8   10条评论 Just-in-time: Problematic or Possible? Just-in-time (JIT) has always been a troublesome part of the management of any supply chain. However, it is feasible if the parties have a better understanding of their respective roles and the value ... 7   5条评论 Lean and JIT Manufacturing Is there any difference between Lean and JIT Production?... 6   7条评论

专家提示 关于Just-in-time（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 Main Advantages of JIT? Benefits of Just-in-time Among the main causes for the success of Just-in-time are its capabilities to deal with certain major economic trends: ... Lean Tools to Attack Waste Waste Management, Waste Tools Overview What lean tools you can use for every waste you can find at your company? Before you try to implement these lean tools ... 7 Things to Avoid in Just-in-Time Just-in-Time Pitfalls The seven zeros or seven areas of wastes in JIT / Lean Thinking are: - Zero Defects: To avoid delays due to defects -... Use of Andon as Part of Just-in-time Signaling Abnormalities Just-in-time is a pull-system. That means that when the customer places his order, the machine starts rolling. Of cours... The 8 Wastes of Lean Explained Waste Management T - Transport - Moving people, products & information I - Inventory - Storing parts, pieces, documentation ahead of req... Standard Work in Just-in-Time Just-in-Time A just-in-time organization has to be capable to function 100% reliable when �pulled� by the customer. To achieve this ... Operation Management Issues and Focus Areas Operations Management, JIT, Kaizen According to Heizer and Render, there are 10 decision areas of Operation Management (each having typical issues): 1. Go... How to Focus your Improvement Efforts? Achieve More With Less, Kaizen, BPR, JIT, Lean, Value Chain Very often organizations consider continuous improvement as committing on improvement efforts, and thus creating project... Synonyms of Just-in-time (JIT) Other Terms that are used to Indicate JIT Instead of JIT, you may also find the following similar terms: - Continuous Flow Manufacturing (IBM) - Stockless Produ... JIT II JIT with supplier The term JIT II has been applied as co-location and is a further step toward reducing unnecessary logistics times and co... Obtaining a High Supplier Quality Best Practice to Consider W. Edward Deming, a well-known management consultant, strongly recommended Sole (Single) Sourcing as the only management...

信息来源 有关即时生产的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Summary of Lean Manufacturing and Maintenance. History, Tools, PROs and CONs Operational Excellence, Maximizing Efficiency Detailed presentation about Lean Production, including the interesting origins of Lean Production in Toyota Motor Compan... The Role of Value Chain Functions, Quality Management and Innovation in Competitive Advantage Value Chain Management, Quality Management, Innovation, Operational Excellence This presentation firstly presents the role of functional strategies and the value chain in the achievement of competiti... Financial Consequences from Implementing Lean Manufacturing JIT, TQM In the last 30 years, many U.S. firms have adopted lean manufacturing strategies. Despite evidence of substantial variat... Lean Production for a Green Environment Lean Production, Lean Manufcaturing Presentation about lean manufacturing and its relation with sustainable business. The presentation includes the followin... Lean Assessment Tool Lean / Six Sigma Assessment Spreadsheet calculates current and future Lean and Six Sigma scores based on scoring in 28 criteria. Generates Lean Over... Managing your Inventory: Quick Introduction to Just in Time, Stock Review and ABC Analysis Basic Understanding of 3Inventory Management Techniques This video gives a brief introduction to three popular Inventory Management Techniques: 1. JIT (Just in Time): Involve...

研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源即时生产。 新闻 视频 简报   书比人好 学术的 更多

比较： Kaizen[改善]  |  Deming Cycle[戴明循环]  |  Scientific Management[科学管理]  |  Six Sigma[六西格玛]  |  Value Chain[价值链]  |  Value Stream Mapping[价值流程图]  |  CPFR  |  Bricks and Clicks[砖块加鼠标]  |  Delta Model[金三角模型]  |  3rd Party Logistics[3PL，第三方物流]  |  RFID Technology[无线射频识别技术]

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