Vad är Just-in-Time? Definition
Just-in-time pionjären var Taiichi Ohno ifrån Japan på Toyotas bilmonteringsfabrik under det tidiga 70-talet. Det är en tillverkningsorganisations filosofi. JIT minskar kassation/förluster genom att leverera delarna just när monteringsprocessen behöver dem. I centrum för JIT ligger kanban, ett japanskt ord för kort. Detta kanban kort överförs till lagret för att be om en standard uppsättning av delar som då och då har förbrukats i monterings/tillverkningsprocessen. JIT kräver precision, eftersom de rätta delarna måste anlända ”just-in-time” på rätt plats (till arbetsstationen på monteringsbandet). Den används i första hand för högvolyms upprepande flödestillverkningsprocesser.
Historia bakom Just-in-time
Historiskt så uppstod JIT-filosofin utifrån två andra skäl:
- Japanerna önskade att förbättra sin produktionkvalitet. Då japanska företag hade ett dåligt anseende så långt, som det berörde kvaliteten i tillverkningen och biltillverkning i synnerhet.
- Kaizen är också en japansk metod om ständig förbättring.
Just-in-time ramverket gällande lagret är en dålig ursäkt för dålig planering, stelhet, fel maskineri, kvalitetsproblem, etc.. Målet med JIT är att snabba upp kundresponsen medans man samtidigt minimerar lagret. Lager hjälper till att reagera snabbt på förändrade kundbehov men kostar oundvikligen också pengar och ökar på det nödvändiga rörelsekapitalet.
År 1990 så skrev James Womack en bok som kallades ”The Machine That Changed The World” som introducerade terminologin ”Lean Manufacturing”. Också du kan stöta på uttrycket: ”Lean production”. Principerna bakom dessa angreppssätt skiljer sig inte väsentligen åt från de tekniker som utvecklades av Ohno på Toyota.
Uppmärksamhetsområden vid Just-in-time
Typiska uppmärksamhetsområden av JIT-genomföranden inkluderar:
- Lager minskning.
- Mer av mindre produktionstilldelningar och storleken på tillverkningsomgångarna.
- Kvalitetskontroll.
- Minskning av komplexitet och transparens.
- Platt organisationsstruktur och delegering.
- Minimering av kassation och spill.
Extern och utvidgad Just-in-time
I och med uppkomsten av Internet och Försörjningskedjans Planering-/Supply Chain Planerings programvara, har företag under tiden utvidgat Just-in-time tillverkningen till att omfattas även utanför företagets gränser. Genom att begära av deras leverantörer att leverera lagret till fabriken endast när den behövs för monteringen, gör att JIT tillverkning och att beställa, leveransprocesser ännu snabbare och mer flexibla och effektivare. På dettta sätt kan Integrerade Leverantörs Nätverk (Köparnätverk) eller elektroniska leveranskedjor bildas.
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