Qu'est-ce que le juste à temps ? Définition
Le juste à temps (Just-in-time) a été expérimenté au début des années 70 par Taiichi Ohno au Japon dans les usines d'assemblage de voitures Toyota. C'est une philosophie d'organisation de la fabrication. Le JAT diminue le gaspillage en approvisionnant les pièces seulement quand le processus d'assemblage les requiert. Au coeur du JAT se trouve le kanban, le mot japonais pour la carte. Cette carte de kanban est envoyée à l'entrepôt pour demander une quantité standard de pièces au fur et à mesure qu'elles ont été utilisées dans le processus d'assemblage / fabrication. Le JAT requiert de la précision, car les bonnes pièces doivent arriver « juste à temps » à la bonne position (le poste de travail sur la chaîne de montage). Il est utilisé principalement pour des processus de fabrication répétitifs et à débit de production important.
Histoire du juste à temps
Historiquement, la philosophie de JAT est né de deux autres choses :
- Le voeu du Japon d'améliorer sa qualité de production. À ce moment-là, les entreprises japonaises avaient une mauvaise réputation en ce qui concerne la qualité de la fabrication et de celle des voitures en particulier.
- Kaizen, également une méthode japonaise d'amélioration continue.
Le fondement "juste à temps" considère les stocks comme une piètre excuse de la mauvaise planification, de la non flexibilité, des machines inadaptées, des problèmes de qualité, etc. La cible du JAT est d'accélérer la réponse au client tout en réduisant en même temps les stocks au minimum. Les stocks aident à répondre rapidement à changer des demandes de client, mais coûtent inévitablement de l'argent et accroissent le fonds de roulement d'exploitation nécessaire.
En 1990, James Womack a écrit un livre appelé « la machine qui a changé le monde », introduisant la terminologie « Lean Manufacturing (Fabrication resserrée) ». En outre vous pouvez rencontrer le mot : « Lean Production (Production resserrée) ». Les principes derrière ces approches ne diffèrent pas sensiblement des techniques développées par Ohno chez Toyota.
Zones d'intérêt du juste à temps
Le domaines classiques d'intérêt d'application du JAT incluent :
- Réduction de stocks.
- Des lots et des séries de production plus petites.
- Contrôle de qualité.
- Réduction de complexité et transparence.
- Structure d'organisation plates et délégation.
- Réduction du gaspillage.
Juste à temps, vers l'entreprise étendue
Avec l'arrivée d'Internet et des logiciels de Planification de la chaîne d'approvisionnements, les entreprises ont, dans le même temps, étendu la fabrication "juste à temps" en dehors des frontières de l'entreprise. En exigeant de leurs fournisseurs de leur fournir les stocks à l'usine seulement quand ils sont nécessaires pour l'assemblage, faisant de la fabrication JAT, le processus de commande et de livraison encore plus rapides, plus souples et plus efficace. Ainsi sont né, les chaînes d'approvisionnement intégrées (Integrated Supply Networks) les réseaux de demande (Demand Network) ou les chaînes d'approvisionnement informatisées (Electronic Supply Chains).
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 Juste-à-Temps est difficilement applicable
Les stocks constituent une charge pour une entreprise, dont il faut tenir compte lors des décisions de gestion. Cependant même si le juste-à-temps est prôné, il est difficilement applicable en raison de la non disponibilité à temps des ressources de ...
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List of Barriers to Just-in-Time | Barriers to JIT
Though JIT as a theoretical concept seems superb, there are practical barriers in getting this concept to work in reality and get JIT implemented properly. Let's create a complete a list of all those barriers to act as a reference for those wanting t...
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Single Minute Exchange of Dies
Dear reader, I am currently working on a Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) project in a beer production facility.
To implement SMED, I need to determine the baseline on which processes are done now during the changeover. I wanted to FILM thi...
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Customer Support in Just in Time is Needed
I think for implementing Just-In-Time, the customer must support it with firm and better forecasting, co-operative and committed for inwarding supplies as per the issued schedules. Else we will get sandwiched between performance and customer r...
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Can Just-in-Time Work Without Kanban?
Just-in-Time is a basic philosophy or a paradigm. If you read about it, you still have no idea HOW to do it.
Kanban however gives a practical way to achieve Just-in-Time. As Taiichi Ohno says:”Kanban, in essence, becomes the autono...
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The Principles of Lean
Lean works on certain principles:
1. Identify customer specific value (customer requirements);
2. Value stream mapping for the process (identify process);
3. Create flow (reduce cycle time);
4. Eliminate waste and non-value-added ...
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Classification of Lean Tools
Can you briefly explain how to classify lean tools?
I mean: different people seem to classify Lean tools in different ways, for example according to the 8 wastes. Who can give me another way to clas...
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Just-in-time Needs Flexibility
Of course, Just-in-time needs a flexible manufacturing system.
But actually, this flexibility has several aspects. For a proper functioning JIT-system, flexibility is required towards:
* Changes in product demand: the process ...
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The Impact of JIT on the Organization of Production Planning
JIT will have a strong impact on your organization of production planning.
With JIT, a factory should operate in a company similar as the autonomic nervous system in the human body. For example the human body will take care of our heartbeat and ...
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Experiences with Including Purchased Parts in Kanban
Taiichi Ohno was plant manager of a Toyota factory when he started experimenting with JIT, Kanban and other Lean tools. This is one of his stories:
‘ … we used Kanban in select areas only and the purchased parts were the very last to be p...
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Just-in-time: Problematic or Possible?
Just-in-time (JIT) has always been a troublesome part of the management of any supply chain. However, it is feasible if the parties have a better understanding of their respective roles and the value each must bring to the chain.
Managing a supp...
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Definition of Just-in-time
JIT can be considered as:
1. A way of life
2. A philosophy of continuous improvement
3. A way to achieve manufacturing excellence by continually eliminating waste....
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Poka Yoke - Explanation
Poka Yoke is a method that shapes the production process the way it gets almost impossible to make mistakes. Employees have to make improvements in the process and needs to come up with proposals on how to prevent all the mistakes. The process has to...
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Lean Manufacturing Tools for Beginners
Could somebody tell me what are the most important lean tools and techniques that should be used in a company that are about to implement lean manufacturing for the first time? Why? Thank you for your suggestions....
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JIT is Playground for Big Companies
I think that JIT or zero inventory or any system aiming similar targets needs power to execute. There are three cushions against delivery time variability.
1. Stock
2. Extra capacity
3. Unhappy customers
Big companies may p...
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Juste à Temps Groupe d'Intérêt Spécial
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Juste à Temps Enseignement & Evènements
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 Combining JIT and Outsourcing
JIT and outsourcing go hand in hand.
On one side it seems contradictory. JIT stands for producing and delivering to the customer what he wants when he wants. This is an extreme challenging condition. So you would expect that we should not furthe...
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Assumptions of Just-in-time (JIT)
Assumptions for effective JIT:
1. It depends on the type of product a company is manufacturing. JIT works best in food (perishable) business, fashion but can also be applied in cars manufacturing like in Toyota.
2. Deep buyer-supplier relat...
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Main Advantages of JIT?
Among the main causes for the success of Just-in-time are its capabilities to deal with certain major economic trends:
a. Deal with decrea...
Usage (application) : Benefits of Just-in-time
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Lean Tools to Attack Waste
What lean tools you can use for every waste you can find at your company?
Before you try to implement these lean tools you have to train your ass...
Usage (application) : Waste Management, Waste Tools Overview
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7 Things to Avoid in Just-in-Time
The seven zeros or seven areas of wastes in JIT / Lean Thinking are:
- Zero Defects: To avoid delays due to defects
- Zero (Excess) Lot Siz...
Usage (application) : Just-in-Time Pitfalls
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Use of Andon as Part of Just-in-time
Just-in-time is a pull-system. That means that when the customer places his order, the machine starts rolling.
Of course the whole organiz...
Usage (application) : Signaling Abnormalities
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The 8 Wastes of Lean Explained
T - Transport - Moving people, products & information
I - Inventory - Storing parts, pieces, documentation ahead of requirements
M - Motion ...
Usage (application) : Waste Management
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Standard Work in Just-in-Time
A just-in-time organization has to be capable to function 100% reliable when ‘pulled’ by the customer.
To achieve this readiness the organ...
Usage (application) : Just-in-Time
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Operation Management Issues and Focus Areas
According to Heizer and Render, there are 10 decision areas of Operation Management (each having typical issues):
1. Goods and Services De...
Usage (application) : Operations Management, JIT, Kaizen
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How to Focus your Improvement Efforts?
Very often organizations consider continuous improvement as committing on improvement efforts, and thus creating projects to implement them, in all ar...
Usage (application) : Achieve More With Less, Kaizen, BPR, JIT, Lean, Value Chain
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Synonyms of Just-in-time (JIT)
Instead of JIT, you may also find the following similar terms:
- Continuous Flow Manufacturing (IBM)
- Stockless Production (HP)
- Repe...
Usage (application) : Other Terms that are used to Indicate JIT
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JIT II
The term JIT II has been applied as co-location and is a further step toward reducing unnecessary logistics times and costs and exploring further oppo...
Usage (application) : JIT with supplier
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Obtaining a High Supplier Quality
W. Edward Deming, a well-known management consultant, strongly recommended Sole (Single) Sourcing as the only management way to obtain high supplier q...
Usage (application) : Best Practice to Consider
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Jat Philosophie
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Nouvelles
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Comparez avec : Kaizen | Cycle de Deming | Organisation Scientifique du Travail | Six Sigma | Chaîne de Valeur | Cartographie des Flux de Valeur | CPFR | Briques et Clics | Modèle Delta | Logistique Tierce Partie (3PL) | Technologie de RFID
Retour vers la page des disciplines de Management : Changement & Organisation | Supply Chain & Quality (Chaîne des Appros et Qualité)
Plus de Méthodes, Modèles et Théorie de Management
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Special Interest Group Leader
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