什么是伦理崩溃的七个标志? 释义
伦理崩溃的七个标志(Seven Signs Of Ethical Collapse),由美国亚里桑那大学商学院长期从事法律与伦理研究的玛丽安·詹宁斯(Marianne Jennings)授率所提出,它能够帮助董事会、公司管理层、普通员工以及分析人士和投资者去评估和分析那些虽不可定量衡量却对财务报告起着至关重要作用的公司特征,并由此断定企业是否正走向腐败,从而未雨绸缪 。。。
沸沸扬扬的安然事件尘埃落定,人们便又以泰然处之的心态去对待公司管理中的各种道德“保险”:各式的报告系统、长篇大论的道德规划、无以计数的伦理培训,还有专门负责企业伦理道德事务的管理人员,以及其他各显神通的种种实践。 然后,再接着犯错误,接着去救火,接着悔恨和做噩梦。
为此,詹宁斯教授提出了帮助公司预防伦理崩溃的七个标志,并针对性地给出了矫正方法。
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数字压力(Pressure to maintain those numbers)。 世界上所有的公司和组织都会为自己制定一个目标,并同时又从这些数字目标中感觉到压力。 然而,在一个伦理文化缺失或者不足的公司环境下,这种压力会渐入一种反常的境地。 这些公司的员工一旦落后于既定目标,他们便会想方设法使工作绩效至少看起来与帐面报表吻合,这样做的结果仅仅就是为了与那既定的目标数字保持一致。
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恐惧和沈默(Fear and silence)。 在一些组织内部,有这样的一种文化现象:员工们看到了、发现了问题,但他们却缄口不语、保持沉默。 一旦他们把发现的问题跟上级或同事说出来,表达出自己内心的真实想法,那么他们可能在这个企业中就再也呆不下去了。 比较: Leadership Styles[领导风格]
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药方1: 提供机会和渠道,鼓励员工畅所欲言、勇于谏言。
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药方2: 不要因为员工提了意见就打击报复,给以毁谤、转岗、停职甚至辞退等各种不公正待遇。
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药方3: 对于那些敢于说真话的、指出公司伦理道德和法律规范不足的员工,要给予奖励。
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药方4: 让员工有知情权,即便是坏消息也应该让员工知晓。
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药方5: 让员工知道你相信并依靠他们的智慧。
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迷信的粉丝与神化了的CEO(Young ‘uns and a bigger-than-life CEO)。 CEO周围到处是拍马溜须者、唯命是从者以及那些“有用的傻瓜”(useful idiots)。 CEO被崇拜、被神化。
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虚弱的管理层(Weak board)。 管理成员身上存在种种问题:缺乏经验、沾亲带故、利益冲突、工作分心。
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药方1: 首当其冲,加强管理层。 不要为常规所羁绊,深挖高管成员之间冲突的根源。
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药方2: 从员工身上获取有关加强管理层的有用信息。
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药方3: 高标准严要求,对于管理人员自己所承诺的目标提出挑战。
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药方4: 注意高管们平时都在聊些什么。
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药方5: 多四处转转,消息不会自动跑来找你的。
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冲突(Conflicts)。 针锋相对,火药味很浓。 任人唯亲,流行裙带关系。
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药方1: 要相信利益冲突是永远存在的。
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药方2: 在公司内部确立具有权威性的冲突管理控制政策,并严格执行。
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药方3: 要公私分明,尤其在处理涉及员工的事务时。
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药方4: 任何时候都不能放弃执行冲突政策。
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药方5: 将公司利益以及方方面面的关系结合起来统筹考虑。
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药方6:保持简单! 请记住,只有两种方法可以解决冲突:摆脱冲突或披露冲突。
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一切以创新为由(Innovation like no other)。 公司内部存有一种盲目的“自信”:我们是伟大的公司,不断创新的公司,我们是与众不同的公司,所有适用于他人的平凡法则到我们这里就失灵了,包括那些公司治理理论,甚至是最基本的经济法则。
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良愿与事实相违(Goodness in some areas atones for evil in others)。 公司与它的管理人员经常想当然地以为他们自己是好公民, 他们博爱慈善,关心环境,致力于多元化,这些善举与贡献并且得到了社会的承认。 他们位高责重,泽被天下。
伦理崩溃的七个标志的起源。 历史
2003年,詹宁斯教授在一次有关公司整治与伦理的研讨会上发表了自己的论文, 题目为 《重塑公司的道德进取心:一个联邦主义者的公司整治观——重塑公司架构下的积极美德,驱除组织内的Yeehaw文化》 (Restoring Ethical Gumption In The Corporation: A Federalist Paper on Corporate Governance - Restoration of Active Virtue in the Corporate Structure to Curb the 'Yeehaw Culture' in Organizations.)
这篇论文为她2006年的书作《伦理崩溃的七个标志》 (The Seven Signs of Ethical Collapse)奠定了基础。
伦理崩溃的七个标志的运用。 应用
- 避免公司成为下一个安然(Enron)。
- 预言公司所面临的危险。
- 避免经历WorldCom所遭受的灭顶之灾。
- 帮助公司未雨绸缪,防患于未然。
- 这七个标志同样能够应用于政府机构及非盈利组织。
伦理崩溃的七个标志概念的优势。 优点
- 给出七个清晰标志,关注和防范公司伦理问题。
- 并提供了防范和解决这些问题的方案。
- 对公司非伦理行为的深层因素进行了挖据, 即公司文化,而非头痛医头式的仅从法律层面考量,如通常的做法——立法或罚款。
伦理崩溃的七个标志概念的局限。
缺点
参考书: Marianne Jennings - The Seven Signs of Ethical Collapse: How to Spot Moral Meltdowns in Companies... Before it's too late.
公司中的道德问题 小组。

小组 (12名成员)
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