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![Cultural Dimensions[文化尺度]](images/picture_hofstede_cultural_dimensions.gif) 根据Geert Hofstede的研究，这个世界上根本就不存在任何一种放之四海而皆准的管理理论或方法。 即便“管理”（Management）一词，在不同的国家也有着不同的起源和内涵。 管理并非是社会生产生活中的一种孤立现象， 它与发生在家庭里、学校里、政府中、政治生活中的各种事件、活动水乳交融， 亦与宗教、科学信仰紧密相关。
Hofstede认定的五个文化尺度
Hofstede的五个文化尺度是用来衡量不同国家文化差异、价值取向的一个有效架构：
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权力距离。 一国范围内人与人之间的不平等程度。
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个人主义与集体主义。 个人对于人际关系（他们所属的家庭或组织）的认同与重视程度。
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男性气质与女性气质。 男性气质的文化有益于权力、控制、获取等社会行， 与之相对的女性气质文化则更有益于个人、情感以及生活质量。
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不确定性规避。 一国范围内人们对于结构性情景（相对于非结构性情景、非常规态势）的偏爱程度。
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长期取向与短期取向。 长期： 着眼于未来的价值取向，比如储蓄习惯和坚持力。 短期： 着眼于短期和眼前的价值取向，比如尊重传统、重视履行社会义务。
要了解一个国家的管理文化，你不仅仅要有关于这个国家的知识，还要对它的文化有一个完整概念，能够心领神会。 Hofstede的独特统计调研法给出的结果告诉我们，即便在处理最基本的社会问题上，另一个国家的人们的思想、感受以及行动可能都会和我们有很大的差别。 Hofstede的文化尺度理论同时提醒管理人员与战略家们必须牢记： 人类总会习惯性地根据根据他的既有经验去思考、感受和行动，尤其是在国际环境中工作的时候。
参考书： Geert Hofstede - Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values - 
参考书： Geert Hofstede - Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind -
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 From Universalism to Poly-Culturalism
There used to be 2 paradigms of organizational culture:- The first is UNIVERSALISM, a belief in colorblindness and uniformity in the treatment of all people, by suppressing any individual cultural characteristics.
- As the world be...
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Dimensions of Hofstede Applied on a Company
Is it possible to use the Model by Hofstede on a company?
What I am looking for is a model to give insight in how a company currently works, the company culture. I might add some other things to the 5 dimensions.
I want to compare this to a...
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In-depth Explanation Dimensions of Hofstede
Hofstede gave five dimensions to help explain the culture of the country they can also be applied to organization with little modifications. The five dimensions are:
1. Small vs Big Power Distance: you identify a culture which will be eit...
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The Value of Cultural Differences: what Matters?
Cultural differences can be sources of value to the firm. But what differences matter? Management is about increasing shareholders' value, which can be very shortsighted as far as culture, not finance, is concerned. Managers must be aware not to take...
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Seven Dimensions of Culture (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner)
Model of National Culture Differences.
Fons Trompenaars is a Dutch author and consultant in the field of cross-cultural communication. His books include: Riding the Waves of Culture, Seven Cultures of Capitalism, Building Cross-Cultural C...
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Cultural Dimensions in Management Styles
Hofstede's 5 dimensions to me determine whether a society is masculine or feminine. Our management style is determined by which type of society in which we function; feminine or masculine.
I may be wrong but it seems to me that most devel...
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Hofstede Dimensions on Malta
I would like to know whether there have been any exchanges of views or studies vis-a-vis Hofstede's 5 dimensions on Malta, being at the centre of the Mediterranean with undoubtedly many cultural influences through its long history. Thank you....
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Examples of Hofstede Five Dimensions
Can you please provide some examples of comparison between Toyota and General Motors or any two similar companies in relation to Hofstede's five dimensions of culture? Thanks...
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Critique of Hofstede
Does anyone know where to find good academic articles critisising Hofstedes cultural analysis? Any particular models and/or authors?...
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Hofstede vs. Hampden-Turner
Does anyone know the difference between Hofstede's cultural model and Trompenaars and Hampden-Turners Seven Cultural Dimensions....
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Importance of RESPECT in Various Cultures
I believe respect for authority, age, position, has blurred and decreased - over time, sometimes because people have proven themselves unworthy of respect. Some cultures retain greater respect for adults, males, people in position, older people, etc...
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文化尺度 小组
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文化尺度 培训|活动
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 Doing Business in Asia | Understanding Chinese Culture
Asias rapid rise to economic prominence marks the beginning of a trend that will increase in the future. The Chinese economy, the second largest in the world, is currently attracting more direct investment than any other nation.
Asias growing ...
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I Need Another Model!!!
Hi. I am doing a contrast and comparison between Hofstede's model and another... I need to find another model to compare to... Please help me!...
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Pitfalls and Best Practices in Managing Multicultural Teams
Brett, Behfar and Kern describe 4 common problem areas in managing multicultural teams:
1. Direct vs indirect communication
2. Troubl...
Usage (application)Multicultural Teams
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Negotiation in Middle Eastern and Western countries
Geert Hofstedes research on cultural dimensions provides insights into other cultures so that we can be more effective when interacting with people i...
Usage (application)Cultural Dimensions, A Practical Example
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Implications of Cultural Differences on Accounting
Internationally recognized accounting standards, e.g. US-GAAP and IAS/IFRS, have not been adopted worldwide due primarily to cultural and societal dif...
Usage (application)Understanding differences
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Critical Considerations when Applying Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions to Organizations and Individuals
Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions are often used to compare nations and cultures, but his dimensions are also used for organizations and individuals. How...
Usage (application)Organizational Culture, Hofstede at Organization Level, Hofstede at Individual Level
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Hofstede's 6th Dimension: Indulgence versus Restraint
There actually is already a 6th dimension identified by research and included in the most recent edition of "Culture and Organizations; Software of th...
Usage (application)Analysing Cultural Differences
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Cultural Differences in Workplace and Office Design
It's interesting to see how cultural differences are also playing a role in the way offices are being arranged. In an article "How Culture Shapes the ...
Usage (application)Understanding International Differences
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Status Brands: The influence of Power-distance Beliefs
Status brands are brands that can inherently raise the social prestige of its owners within a certain community or society.
Status brands are dif...
Usage (application)Branding, Brand Management, Power Distance, Brand Recognition
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Koreans vs Germans
In a recent interview on Business Spotlight 3/08, Mrs. Mee-Rae Kim, a leading expert in German-Korean intercultural business communication projects...
Usage (application)Differences in Business Communication
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比较： Cultural Intelligence[文化智能] | Culture Types[文化类型] | Bottom of the Pyramid[金字塔底层] | 马斯洛（Maslow） Hierarchy of Needs[需求层次理论] | Coaching[教练] | Leadership Pipeline[领导补给线] | Mentoring[启导] | Hertzberg Two Factor Theory[二因素理论] | ERG Theory[ERG理论] | Spiral Dynamics[螺旋动力学] | Ashridge Mission Model[Ashridge使命模型] | Theory X Theory Y[X理论-Y理论]
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