Cultural Dimensions (Культурные измерения)
(Hofstede)

Центр Знаний

Согласно Geert Hofstede, не существует такого явления как универсальный метод управления или универсальная теория менеджмента, действенные по всему миру. Даже слово «менеджмент» имеет различные происхождения и смысл в различных странах. Менеджмент - это не тот феномен, который можно изолировать от других процессов, происходящих в обществе. Он взаимодействует с тем, что происходит в семье, школе, политике и правительстве. Также он, определенно, соотносится с религией и убеждениями в науке.

5 Cultural Dimensions (Культурные измерения) Hofstede

Модель культурных измерений Geert Hofstede - это концепция, которая описывает 5 видов (измерений) различий/ценностных аспектов между национальными культурами:

• Властное расстояние (Power distance). Степень неравноправности среди людей, которое население страны рассматривает как приемлемую.

• Индивидуализм / коллективизм ( Individualism versus collectivism). Степень, в которой люди предполагают, что они должны заботиться о семье или организации или в которой должны заботиться о них.

• Мужественность / женственность (Masculinity versus femininity). Степень, в которой культура способствует преобладанию, уверенности в себе и приобретению вещей. В отличие от культуры, которая более чувствительна к людям, чувствам и качеству жизни.

• Избежание неопределенности (Uncertainty avoidance). Степень, в которой люди в стране предпочитают структурированные или неструктурированные ситуации.

• Долгосрочная / краткосрочная ориентация (Long-term versus short-term orientation). Долгосрочная: ценности, ориентированные на будущее, сбережения и упорство. Краткосрочная: ценности, ориентированные на прошлое и настоящее, такие как уважение к традициям и выполнение социальных обязательств.

Для того, чтобы понять менеджмент в какой-либо стране, следуеть иметь знание о и эмпатию со всей локальной средой. Однако, результаты уникального статистического исследования Hofstede должны дать каждому понять, что люди в других странах могут думать, чувствовать и действовать весьма отлично от вас самих, даже в отношении рутинных проблем в обществе. Любому, кто занимается менеджментом или стратегией, рекомендуется постоянно помнить выводы теории Cultural Dimensions (Культурные измерения) Hofstede. Люди имеют вводящую в заблуждение тенденцию думать, чувствовать и действовать исходя из своего собственного опыта, особенно при работе в международной среде.

Книга: Geert Hofstede - Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values

Книга: Geert Hofstede - Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind

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Сравните с: Cultural Intelligence (Культурный интеллект)  |  Culture Types (Культурные типы)  |  Bottom of the Pyramid (Дно пирамиды)  |  Hierarchy of Needs (Иерархия потребностей) Maslow  |  Coaching (Коучинг)  |  Leadership Pipeline (Канал лидерства)  |  Mentoring (Менторинг)  |  Two Factor Theory (Двухфакторная теория) Herzberg  |  ERG Theory (Теория ERG)  |  Spiral Dynamics (Динамика спирали)  |  Ashridge Mission Model (Модель миссии Ashridge)  |  Theory X Theory Y (Теория X Теория Y)

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