Dimensioni Culturali
(Hofstede)

Centro di Conoscenza

Secondo Geert Hofstede, non c'è nessun metodo di gestione o teoria di gestione, universale, valida per tutto il mondo. Anche la parola “gestione„ ha origini e significati differenti nei paesi del mondo intero. La gestione non è un fenomeno che possa essere isolato da altri processi che avvengono nella società. Interagisce con quello che accade nella famiglia, nella scuola, nella politica e nel governo. Ovviamente è anche correlata alla religione ed alle credenze scientifiche.

Le cinque Dimensioni Culturali di Hofstede

Il modello delle dimensioni culturali di Geert Hofstede è una struttura che descrive cinque specie (dimensioni) di differenze fra le culture nazionali:

• Distanza di potere. Il grado di diseguaglianza fra la gente che la popolazione di un paese considera come normale.

• Individualismo contro collettivismo. Il limite cui la gente pensa di dover preoccuparsi per se stessi, o per le loro famiglie o per le organizzazioni a cui appartengono.

• Masculinità contro femminilità. Il grado di una cultura di essere favorevole al dominio, alla dogmaticità ed all'aquisizione delle cose. Contro una cultura che è più favorevole alla gente, alle sensazioni ed alla qualità di vita.

• Annullamento dell'incertezza. Il grado in cui la gente di un paese preferisce le situazioni strutturate rispetto a quelle non strutturate.

• Lungo termine contro orientamento di breve termine. Lungo termine: valori orientati verso il futuro, come il risparmio e la persistenza. Breve termine: valori orientati verso il passato e presente, come rispetto per la tradizione ed il compimento degli obblighi sociali.

Per capire la gestione in un paese, uno dovrebbe avere sia la conoscenza che l'empatia dell'intera scena locale. Tuttavia, i punteggi dell'unica indagine statistica che Hofstede ha effettuato dovrebbero informare chiunqe sul fatto che la gente in altri paesi può pensare, ritenere e agire molto diversamente da noi, persino quando ci confrontiamo con banali problemi sociali. Chiunque abbia a che fare con la Gestione o la Strategia dovrebbe ricordarsi costantemente delle lezioni di Hofstede della teoria di Dimensioni Culturali. Gli esseri umani hanno una tendenza ingannevole nel pensare, ritenere ed agire secondo le loro proprie esperienze, specialmente quando lavorano in contesti internazionali.

Referenza Bibliografica: Geert Hofstede - Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values

Referenza Bibliografica: Geert Hofstede - Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind

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