الأبعاد الثقافيّة
لهوفستد

مركز المعرفة

وفقا لجرت هوفستد ، لا يوجد معنى او طريقة عالميّة فى الادارة أو نظرية الادارة ، بحيث تكون شرعيّة عبر العالم باكمله. حتّى ان كلمة (الادارة) مختلفة الأصول والمعان عبر بلاد العالم. الادارة ليست ظاهرة وتستطيع ان تعزل عن العمليات الاخرى التى تتمّ في المجتمع. انه يتفاعل مع ماذا يحدث في الأسرة ، في المدرسة ، في السياسة ، والحكومة. كما ارتبطت بوضوح أيضا إلى الدين و المعتقدات العلمية.

الخمسة الأبعاد الثقافيّة لهوفستد

أنّ نموذج الأبعاد الثقافيّة لجرت هوفستد هو هيكل يصف خمسة أنواع ( أبعاد) من وجهات نظر الفروق/القيمة بين الثقافات الوطنيّة:

• ابعاد القوى . درجة التباين بين الناس التى تحسب طبقا لمعدلات سّكان البلاد ّ .

• الفردانيّة و الجماعّة. الدرجة التى يشعر بهاّ الناس بواجباتهم للعناية بانفسهم ، الاهتمام بانفسهم ، أسرهم أو التنظيمات التى ينتسبون إليها.

• الذكورة ضدّ الأنوثة. المدى التى تتسبّب فيه الثقافة من السيطرة ، التاكيد والاستحواذ على الأشياء. مقابل الثقافة الاكثر سبّبا للناس ، من حيث الأحاسيس وجودة الحياة.

• تجنب الشك . الدرجة التى يفضّلها الناس في البلاد فى الهياكل منتظمة عن الغير منتظمة .

• الاعداد طويل المدى مقابل قصير المدى. طويل المدى: توجّه القيم نحو المستقبل ، مثل التوفير والمثابرة. قصير المدى: توجّه القيم نحو السابق والحاضر ، مثل إحترام التقاليد والالتزام بالواجبات الاجتماعيّة.

ولفهم الادارة في اى بلد ، يجب ان يكون لدى اى منا المعرفة واليقين للمشهد الكامل المحلّي. وبصفة عامة ، الاحصائيات الفريدة التى قام بها هوفستد ستجعل كلّ منا يدرك أنّ الناس في البلاد الاخرى يمكنها التفكيّر ، الشعور ، والتصرّف بطريقة مختلفة تماما عنه ، حتى عندما تجابه المشاكل الأساسيّة فى المجتمع. ينصح وباستمرار تذكّر دروس نظرية الأبعاد الثقافيّة لهوفستد للاشخاص التى تعمل فى الادارة أو الإستراتيجية حيث ان الانسان لديه نزعة للتفكّر والشعور والتصرّف من هم واقع خبراته ، وخصوصا عندما يعمل دوليّا.

كتاب: Geert Hofstede - Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values

كتاب: Geert Hofstede - Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind

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روابط لمزيد من البحث القفز تلقائيًا إلى مصادر مفيدة أخرى بخصوص إدارة عبر الثقافات. أخبار فيديو عروض الكتب ويكيبيديا

قارن مع: Cultural Intelligence الذكاء الثقافيّ   |  أنواع الثقافات Culture Types      |  Bottom of the Pyramid قاعدة الهرم   |  Hierarchy of Needs Maslow تدرج الاحتياج لماسلوو   |  Coaching التدريب الخاص   |  Leadership Pipeline خطّ القيادة   |  Mentoring التعلم   |  Herzberg Two Factor Theory نظرية العامل الثنائى لهرزبرغ   |  ERG Theory نظرية أرج   |  Spiral Dynamics الديناميكية اللولبية   |  Ashridge Mission Model نموذج مهمة اشريدج   |  Theory X Theory Y نظرية اكس نظرية واى

العودة لقائمة الادارة: التغير و التنظيم  |  الاتصال و المهارات  |  اتخاذ القرار و التقييم  |  الاخلاقيات و المسؤولية  |  الموارد البشرية  |   القيادة  |  التسويق والمبيعات  |  برنامج و ادارة المشروع  |  الاستراتيجية والابتكار

العديد من مناهج و نماذج و نظريات فى الادارة