美国心理学家Frederick Hertzberg的二因素理论(Two Factor Theory)试图证明,个人对工作的态度在很大程度上决定着任务的成功与失败,Hertzberg研究证明,个人对工作的满意与否受两个因素制约: 能给人们带来满意和心理成长的因素,通常都是工作内在的,即由工作本身所决定的激励因素(Motivation Factors); 而引起人们不满意的往往是一些工作外的因素,大多与人们的工作条件和环境有关,Hertzberg称之为保健因素(Hygiene Factors)。 Herzberg通过对两百多名美国的会计、工程师等白领工作者的调查,从而总结出了“二因素理论”(Two Factor Theory),又称“保健-激励理论”(Motivation-Hygiene Theory)。
保健-激励因素
- 保健因素处理不好,会引发员工的不满情绪;处理得好,则可以预防或消除这种不满。 然而,保健因素并不能对员工产生激励作用,只能起到保持人的积极性、维持工作现状的作用。所以保健因素又称为“维持因素”。
- 激励因素处理得好,不仅能够产生满意情绪,而且能够促进人们产生更好的绩效;如果处理不当,其不利效果顶多是没有满意情绪,但不会导致不满。 激励因素源于工作内在的促发动力。
典型的保健因素
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工作环境
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管理和监督
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薪水
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状态
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安全
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公司
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工作
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公司政策与治理
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人际关系
典型的激励因素
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工作成就感
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工作成就得到的认可
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工作上的责任感
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工作富有趣味
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高水平的工作要求
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晋升与成长
二因素组合构成的四种情境:
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高保健因素 + 高激励因素: 最理想的工作情境,员工具有较高的工作热情,鲜有不满情绪。
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高保健因素 + 低激励因素: 员工没有不满情绪,但是也没有较高的工作热情, 工作的目的就是为了薪水。
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低保健因素 + 高激励因素: 员工存有高度工作热情的同时,对工作条件也有很多不满。 这种情境往往出现于那些具有挑战性和鼓舞人心的工作, 但是薪水和工作条件却差强人意。
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低保健因素 + 低激励因素: 这属于最坏的工作情境, 员工既无工作热情,又有大量怨气。
Herzberg建议,工作可以而且应该按照以下方法来安排组织:
除了二因素理论以外,Frederick Hertzberg还有一个著名的KITA理论,即打屁股(Kick In The Arse),后来这一提法被改成更为文雅的KITP,即踢裤子(Kick In The Pants)。 用Herzberg的话说,KITA不能够产生任何工作激励, 它的作用只在于使员工动起来。
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Additional Hygiene Factors
Though the summary of Two Factor Theory covers most of the factors, I believe others factors like management style, orga...
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专家提示
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关于Two Factor Theory (Human Motivation)(英语)的高级见解。在这里,您将找到专家的专业建议。
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信息来源
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有关二因素理论(人类动机)的各种信息来源。在这里,您将找到Powerpoint,视频,新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。
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Human Motivation Employee Motivation Comprehesive presentation on Human / Employee Motivation. Topics:
1. What is motivation?
2. How do needs motivate peo...
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Overview of Content and Process Motivation Theories Motivation, Needs, Incentives, Goal Setting, Behavior Overview presentation of the major content motivation theories (Hierarchy of Needs; Acquired Needs theory; Two-Factor Th...
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Social-Exchange Theory and Organizational Support Theory and their Role in Employee Motivation Initial Understanding of Perceived Organizational Support Lecture about Social Exchange Theory and Organizational Support Theory and the role they play in Employee Motivation.
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First Introduction to Employee Engagement and Employee Commitment Initial Understanding of Employee Engagement and Commitment, Start of Training/Workshop Employees are the heart of an organization. Their commitment and engagement contributes to the success of an organizatio...
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Two Factors Rocket Diagram Employee Motivation Editable MS-Word diagram of Herzberg's Motivators and Hygiene Factors....
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The Employee Commitment Pyramid Employee Commitment, Employee Motivation Stum (2013) developed the so-called Performance Pyramid. His model is clearly based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. But ...
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Intrinsic Motivation versus Extrinsic Motivation Initial Understanding of Motivation Types and Consequences How can you do a better job of motivating your team?
Dan Pink and Dan Ariely make a distinction between extrinsic motiv...
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External and Internal Motivation Motivation Presentation about motivation, from a psychological perspective. The presentation includes the following sections:
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Reasons and Secrets of Employee Retention Employee Retention, Attrition This presentation is about Employee Retention and includes the following sections:
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Managing Psychological Well-being in Workplaces Organizational Commitment, Performance Management, Stress Management, Workplace Management This presentation elaborates on the developing of efficient workplaces through mental well-being. The presentation inclu...
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Mindfulness and Wellbeing at Work Wellbeing, Well-being, Mindfulness, Motivation, Employee Commitment Time Management, Coaching This presentation elaborates on the concept of mindfulness in the workplace, and includes the following sections:
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Dealing with Harassment and Discrimination in Workplaces Employee Harassment, Employee Discrimination, Sexual Harassment, Workplace Harassment, Workplace Discrimination Presentation about unsafe and unfriendly workplaces, that includes characteristics and the practices to minimize them. T...
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The Workplace Environment and Aging Issues Performance Management, Two-factor Theory, Absenteism, Presenteism This presentation discusses how a workplace can be designed in a way that is perceived as comfortable by their employees...
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Fatigue Management as Responsibility of Employer and Employee Fatigue Management, Human Resource Management, Absenteeism, Two Factor Theory, Commitment This presentation elaborates on the management of fatigue and the management of it, and includes the following sections:...
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Young Steve Jobs on the Role of Managers Management, Leadership, Talent Management, Talent Acquisition, Talent Development This video is a nice start for any management course. Jobs shares some ideas on managers (in a high-tech environment) an...
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Managing New, Dynamic Workplaces through Employee Engagement Workplace Management, Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment, Burnout This presentation elaborates on the characteristics of the newer type of workplace, possible reactions of employees and ...
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Work-Family Conflicts and Work-Life Policies Performance Management, Work-Life Balance, HR, Programs This presentation is about Work-Family Conflicts and Employee Performance. The presentation includes the following secti...
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3 Practical Ways to Deal with Stress Coping with Stress, Avoiding Stress, Emotional Intelligence, Stress Management Workplace stress is very common and can cause higher blood pressure, illness and lower self esteem. Decreasing the stres...
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Two Factor Theory Diagram Employee Satisfaction / Frustration Download and edit the 12manage PowerPoint model for limited personal, educational and business use.
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How to Motivate your Employees: Personal Currency Motivation, Management, Leadership Many managers and leaders struggle with the difficult problem of how to motivate their salesforce or other employees. In...
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Introduction and Summary of Herzberg's Motivation Theory Initial understanding of the Two Factors, Trainings, Workshops Hertzberg's Theory of Motivation explained:
- Hygiene factors
- Motivators
Furthermore the need for regular feedback ...
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研究链接
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自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源二因素理论(人类动机)。
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比较: 马斯洛(Maslow) Hierarchy of Needs[需求层次理论] | Hawthorne Effect[霍索恩效应] | Customer Satisfaction model[顾客满意度模型] | Theory X Theory Y[X理论-Y理论] | Competing Values Framework[竞值架构] | Expectancy Theory[期望理论] | ERG Theory[ERG理论] | Cultural Dimensions[文化尺度] | Leadership Continuum[领导连续体] | Theory of Needs[需求理论] | Managerial Grid[管理方格理论]
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