Motivatie-Hygiëne Theorie
(Hertzberg)

Kenniscentrum

Volgens de Twee Factor Theorie van Frederick Hertzberg worden de mensen beïnvloed door twee factoren. De tevredenheid en de psychologische groei zijn een resultaatfactor van motivatie factoren. Ontevredenheid was een resultaat van hygiëne factoren. Hertzberg ontwikkelde deze motivatietheorie tijdens zijn onderzoek van 200 accountants en ingenieurs in de V.S.

De twee Factoren in de Theorie

• Hygiëne Factoren zijn nodig om ervoor te zorgen dat een werknemer niet ontevreden wordt. Zij veroorzaken geen hogere niveaus van motivatie, maar zonder hen is er ontevredenheid.
• Motivatie Factoren zijn nodig om een werknemer tot een hogere prestatie te motiveren. Deze factoren resulteren uit interne generators in de werknemers.

Typische Hygiëne factoren

• Werkcondities

• Kwaliteit van supervisie

• Salaris

• Status

• Veiligheid

• Bedrijf

• Baan

• Bedrijfsbeleid en -bestuur

• Interpersoonlijke relaties

Typische Motivatie factoren

• Dingen bereiken

• Erkenning voor het bereiken van dingen

• Verantwoordelijkheid voor een taak

• Interessante baan

• Bevordering naar taken met een hoger niveau

• Groei

Het combineren van de hygiëne en de motivatie factorenresultaten in scenario vier

• Hoge Hygiëne + Hoge Motivatie: De ideale situatie waar de werknemers erg gemotiveerd zijn en weinig klachten hebben.

• Hoge Hygiëne + Lage Motivatie: De werknemers hebben weinig klachten maar zijn niet erg gemotiveerd. De baan wordt waargenomen als een salarischeque.

• Lage Hygiëne + Hoge Motivatie: De werknemers zijn gemotiveerd maar hebben veel klachten. Een situatie waar de baan opwindend en uitdagend is. Maar toch zijn de salarissen en de werkvoorwaarden niet in orde.

• Lage Hygiëne + Lage Motivatie: De slechtste situatie. De werknemers zijn niet gemotiveerd en hebben veel klachten.

Hertzberg suggereert dat het werk vaak kan en zou moeten worden gerangschikt op de volgende manieren:

• baan uitbreiding
• baan rotatie, en/of
• baan verrijking.

Naast de Twee Factor Theorie, is Frederick Hertzberg ook bekend voor zijn acroniem KITA, dat op een nette manier vertaald is: Schop Onder je Broek (Kick In the Pants)! Hertzberg zei dat KITA geen motivatie veroorzaakt. Maar slechts beweging.

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