什么是引导类型? 释义
引导类型(干预样式)模型是由约翰·海荣(John Heron)总结出的对引导者与服务对象之间诊疗式交互行为分析的6种可能方式。 海荣用“干预(Intervention)”一词来描述可确认的引导者口头的或非口头的引导行为,亦即引导者为服务对象所提供的引导服务。
引导类型的起源。 历史
约翰·海荣(1928)是社会科学领域创造参与式研究模型的先驱人物之一, 以干预类型(Intervention Styles)的研究工作而闻名。
作为海荣的一项早期研究模型,六类干预分析(Six Category Intervention Analysis)亦被称为六类引导性干预(Six Facilitative Interventions),在两大类别之下细分出6种引导类型:
- 权威性干预(Autoritative Interventions)。 在引导的交互过程中,引导者占居主宰或决断地位,代表服务对象并为其负责。
- 说明性干预(Prescriptive Intervention)。 通过方向性建议,对服务对象进行引导。
- 信息性干预(Informative Intervention)。 通过指导,为服务对象提供相关的知识和信息。
- 对证性干预(Confronting Intervention)。 通过直接反馈,对服务对象的行为、态度提出建议。
- 引导性干预(Facilitative Interventions)。 在引导的交互过程中,引导者促使服务对象更为独立自主,对己尽责。
- 导泻性干预(Cathartic Intervention)。 帮助服务对象跨越情绪樊篱,放下思想包袱。 移情。
- 催化性干预(Catalytic Intervention)。 帮助服务对象反省、发现和学习。 提问。
- 支持性干预(Supportive Intervention)。 帮助服务对象构建自信心。 赞扬、评价与支持。
海荣后来对上述模型进行提炼,将其演变成6个维度和3种决策模型,并称之为: 引导类型模型(干预样式 Model)。 (参见右图)
引导类型的运用。 应用
引导类型模型的优势。 优点
- 提出了各种现存的和可能存在的引导类型。
- 搭建了教导或咨询类型的讨论和交流架构。
- 同时适用于团队和个人两个不同层面。
引导类型模型的局限。 缺点
- 引导类型朝向自主性模式转变,需要行为、价值及技能随之转变。
- 对引导者提出了更高的要求——由讲师到引导,由专家到顾问,由主导控制到防范风险,由结构明晰到含混模糊。
- 并非所有人都需要高级引导模式。 “我只要你告诉我现在做什么”。
参考书: John Heron - Six category intervention analysis.
Human Potential Research Project. University of Surrey (1975)
参考书: John Heron - The Facilitator's Handbook (1999)
参考书: John Heron - Helping the Client:
A Creative, Practical Guide (2001)
干预措施 小组。

小组 (24名成员)
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关于以下内容的论坛讨论:干预措施。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。
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关于Interventions(英语)的高级见解。在这里,您将找到专家的专业建议。
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有关干预措施的各种信息来源。在这里,您将找到Powerpoint,视频,新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。
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John Heron 6 Category Intervention Analysis (6CIA) Interpersonal Help, Good presentation about John Heron's six intervention categories for helpful relations between a helper and a patient or...
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