2002年,Daniel Goleman在与Richard Boyatzis、Annie McKee共同撰写的畅销书《最根本的领导力》(Primal Leadership)中,提出了六种领导风格。 要准确理解这六种领导风格,需要首先理解Goleman提出的人际沟通/交流的“共鸣”概念。
领导产生共鸣
根据Goleman的研究,优秀领导之所以高效,是因为他们能够产生共鸣。
英文中的共鸣(Resonance)一词来源于拉丁语Resonare, 意为“再次产生声音”。 有效领导被调和到其他人的感觉并且移动他们在一个正面情感方向。 他首先调整自己的价值观、做事的优先顺序、判断的标准和工作目标,并切实根据这些因素来领导团队,从而引起团队其他成员的情感共鸣。 在他的领导下,团队成员会感到相互之间非常惬意。 共鸣来源于人天生的Emotional Intelligence[情感智能] (包括自我认知、自已管理、社会认知和关系管理),同时也介入了一定的智力成分。
共鸣的产生可以通过六种方式来实现,这就是六种不同的领导风格。 对于那些高效领导来说,他们能够从容驾驭这六种领导风格,根据不同的形势需要,进行运用、变换。
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远见型领导
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教练型领导
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合作型领导
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民主型领导
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领头型领导
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命令型领导
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领导特征
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启发、激励。 满怀信心,整合共同愿景。 移情作用。 让每一位成员知道个人努力对实现组织“梦想”的贡献和作用。 |
善于聆听。 帮助组织成员辨识其长处和短处。 发挥顾问作用。 对组织成员给与鼓励。 正确授权和分工。 |
营造组织中和谐、 友好的氛围。 移情作用。 促进道德建设。 解决冲突。 |
聆听的大师。 团队工作者。 合作者。 施加影响者。 |
目标实现的强大推动力。 自我的高标准。 很强的主动性。 较低的移情作用与合作精神。 缺乏耐心。 事无巨细都要管理过问。 过分看中数字结果。 |
发号司令。 “按我说的去做。” 威胁。 严格控制。 严厉监督。 产生不和谐。 组织成员的情绪深受其害。 天才的创造性被驱逐。 |
如何产生共鸣
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推动组织成员朝向共同的“梦想”努力。 |
将成员个人需要与 组织目标联系起来。 |
通过成员之间的联系沟通,产生组织和谐。 |
欣赏组织成员的个人贡献,通过组织成员的积极参与,来实现组织目标。 |
实现富有挑战性的、激动人心的组织目标。 |
遇有紧急情况,能够给以明确的方向指引,从而减轻员工的忧虑。 |
领导风格对企业的影响
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经常 -- 当滥用或不当运用的时候 |
经常 -- |
最佳运用时机
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当变革需要新的组织愿景时, 或者当组织需要一个清晰明确的前进方向时。 当组织遭遇剧烈变革的时候。 |
当那些易受激励的员工需要通过帮助建立一种持久的能力、从而不断提高他们的工作表现时。 |
当组织裂痕需要风何时。 当组织经历紧张困难时期、需要有效激励时。 或者,当组织需要加强沟通联系时。 |
当组织需要构建共识、或需要支持时。 或者,需要大量的员工参与、贡献时。 |
当需要有一支能征善战、接受激励的团队高质量地完成任务时。 如销售团队。 |
当组织遭遇严重危机时。 或者当组织遇到制造麻烦的员工时。 当开始一项急迫的组织行动时。 传统上的军事领导。 |
参考书: Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, Annie McKee - Primal Leadership
领导风格 小组。

小组 (105名成员)
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比较: Emotional Intelligence[情感智能] | Leadership Continuum[领导连续体] | Leadership Pipeline[领导补给线] | Hagberg Model of Personal Power[哈格伯格个人力量模型] | Level 5 Leadership[第五级领导] | Charismatic Leadership[魅力型领导] | EPIC ADVISERS[史诗顾问] | Servant-Leadership[仆人式领导] | Path-Goal Theory[路径-目标理论] | Theory X Theory Y[X理论-Y理论] | Managerial Grid[管理方格理论] | Contingency Theory[权变理论] | Competing Values Framework[竞值架构] | Expectancy Theory[期望理论] | Result Oriented Management[业绩导向管理] | Bases of Social Power[社会权力基础] | Seven Surprises[七大惊奇] | Seven Habits[七个习惯] | Coaching[教练] | Mentoring[启导] | Results-Based Leadership[业绩导向领导] | Situational Leadership[情境领导] | Metaplan[元规划] | Ashridge Mission Model[Ashridge使命模型]
返回到分类主页: 变革与组织 | 沟通与技能 | 人力资源管理 | 领导力 | 计划与项目管理
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