Theory of Constraints[约束理论]
(Goldratt)

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Herbie

你读过《目标》这本最著名的企业管理小说么？ 还记得书中的Herbie么？那个总是慢慢腾腾，让其他的童子军们大伤脑筋的小男孩。 Eliyahu Goldratt独创的约束理论（TOC，Theory of Constraints）真实地来源于这位以色列科学家对“如何思考”的思考。 在他的一系列的著作中，他详细地阐述了他的思考方法、流程及应用。
 

约束理论中的因果关系

约束理论的核心是承认因果关系。 比较： Cause and Effect Diagram[因果图]。 约束理论的思维流程教会我们在实践中如何把因果关系和我们的经验、我们获取知识的直觉融合到一起。 约束理论是一种可验证哲学， 通过正确的思考，我们就能够更好地理解我们的世界； 通过更好的理解，我们就能够实现提高。
 

组织是一张复杂的网，人员、设备、方法、材料和标准尽在其中， 作为组织管理人员，整天要面对如此的细微和复杂，实在是太糟糕了。 这还没完，你还得再加入动态的复杂成分——不断变化着的顾客、供应商、生产员工、规章制度，等等。现在，你就得到了每一个管理团队每日所面临的挑战的完整画面。

为了应付这些挑战，传统上，管理者习惯于将他们的组织化整为零，成为更多的管理单元。 目的是实现每一个单元的绩效最大化。 他们认为，大组织的绩效提高等于各个小单元绩效提高的总合。

错！非常不幸，这个如意算盘敲错了。 约束理论认为，组织内大多数变量对组织的整体绩效只会发生微乎其微的影响， 与此同时，有那么几个变量，甚至可能就只有一个变量，却会对组织的整体绩效发生重大影响。 这个变量就是组织的“约束变量”， 你可以把它比作一根链条上的最薄弱的环节。 比较： Gantt Chart[甘特图]。

约束理论法的步骤。 方法

如果你打算实现既定的大部分目标的话，你就必须：

1. 找出你的约束变量。
2. 集中于这个约束变量。 企业首先要知道自己的目标是什么，实现这些目标的必要条件又是什么。 然后必须要找出限制企业目标实现的约束变量（一个或多个）。
3. 自始自终，都要关注这个约束变量。 这是一个不断提高的过程。

   1. 找出约束变量。

   2. 作用于约束变量。

   3. 一切其他运作都要服从于提高约束变量这个大局。

   4. 2、3步过后，如果需要的话，对约束变量投入更多能量与资源，使其不再具有约束能力，满足组织发展的需求。

   5. 回到第一步，继续寻找新的约束变量，但不要成为惯性，否则惯性也会成为组织发展的约束力。

约束理论的应用

• 生产制造 - 参考书： "The Goal" by Goldratt

• 分销与供应链管理 - 参考书： "It's Not Luck?" by Goldratt

• 市场营销 - 参考书： "Necessary But Not Sufficient" by Goldratt [中译本《仍然不足够》电子工业出版社，2006]

• 项目管理 - 参考书： "Critical Chain" by Goldratt [中译本《关键链》电子工业出版社，2006]

• 理论研究 - 参考书： "Theory of Constraints" by Goldratt

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：约束理论。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 What's the Difference Between Constraints and Bottlenecks? Constraint and bottleneck are different concepts: - A constraint is a restriction of a process, it might be, equipment, people, specifications, materials, enviroment, policies, suppliers. Being a re... 23   4条评论 Theory of Constraints - PQ Game and GSIM Game I have been using GSIM ad PQ games regularly to teach TOC fundamentals and concepts to my students in Business schools. Please use both games to understand and strategize how to generate operating ca... 8   Theory of Constraints Applied to Bonus Payments for Quantity Produced and Product Quality Hi everyone, I guess we all agree that if we want to change things we need to use "system thinking"�! There is a "but"; at my factory in the (instrumental shop) workers get paid bonuses for how many ... 4   1条评论 Theory of Constraints and Throughput Accounting It is important to notice that the theory of constraints has given birth to a very important management accounting tool; throughput accounting. Throughput accounting challenges conventional wisdom in ... 4   2条评论 New Book on Theory of Constraints & Deming Methodology In 'Sechel: Logic, Language and Tools to Manage Any Organization as a Network' (January 2011), Dr. Domenico Lepore, co-author of 'Deming and Goldratt: the Decalogue' assesses the shortcomings of tradi... 3   1条评论 Big Box Retail - TOC Application at Store Level I'm looking for any examples of Theory of Contraints at the store level. Such as for Home Depot, Lowe's, Walmart. Success stores, logical trees, clouds, etc.... 3   4条评论 Theory of Constraints in Mining Hi All, I am currently pursuing a project on the application of TOC in Underground Coal Mining in Australia. I am looking for ideas, best practices, case studies or other resources that could be of he... 2   4条评论 Theory of Constraints in Education / Quality Assurance? The Theory of Constraints has been applied in several areas such as the manufacturing environments, distribution and supply chain, marketing and project management. I am interested in the applicatio... 0   2条评论 Neural Network In SCM? Hi, (how) can the concept of Neural Networks be applied in the world of Supply Chain for managing the flow of orders between upstream and downstream systems?... -1   2条评论 开始一个新的论坛主题关于约束理论

最佳实践 关于约束理论的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 🥇 Quote by Eliyahu Goldratt An expert is not someone that gives you the answer, it is someone that asks you the right question.... 36   1条评论 🥈 Impediments Analysis? What is impediments analysis? Any help, please? Editor: An inpediment is something that impedes; a hindrance or obstruction, an obstacle, a bottleneck.... 15   3条评论 🥉 Current Reality Tree A useful tool that Goldratt uses to identify bottlenecks is the Current Reality Tree (CRT). Similar to a Root Cause Analysis, a current reality tree is a statement of an underlying core problem and ... 7   5条评论 The Dice Game by Goldrat I am using Goldrat's dice game in my classes. It is very helpful for the students to understand variation and the 6 sides of a dice. Is there anybody using different variations?... 6   4条评论

专家提示 关于Theory of Constraints（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 Dealing with Changing Constraints Theory of Constraints Often Management and Business Consultants reported the feelings that Constraints are continuously changing over the spac... What are Constraints? Theory of Constraints Scientific Approach A Constraint is something that limits an organization in reaching a higher level of performance. Generally, constraints ... Constraints in the Business World Practical Examples of Constraints In the business world constraints can be categorized in three main different types. 1. Physical Constraints: those reso... Three Dimensions of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) Teaching the Theory of Constraints There are basically three dimensions of the theory of constraints: mindset, measurements and methodology . 1. M... Drum-Buffer-Rope Methodology and Time Buffers Buffer Management The Theory of Constraints is also built on the understanding that the combined effect of variation and interdependence d... Time Buffers in Theory of Constraints TOC Approach to Variability Production Activities are characterized by perturbations that derive from casual events such as out of order machines, d... Buffer Management in Theory of Constraints TOC Approach to Variability What is the right size of the Time Buffer? According to TOC, the higher is the variability the bigger should be the Time... 3 Potential Categories of (Root) Causes Root Cause Analysis, Ishikawa, 8D, TOC Latino and Latino consider in a 1999-paper called 'Root Cause Analysis � Improving Performance for Bottom Line Results' ... How to tackle Constraints? Practical Tools from Theory of Constraints Over the years, TOC School of Thought developed a set of tools to tackle constraints of different nature and in the dif... Theory of Constraints Key Indicators Reaching The Final Goal In TOC vision any action made by an organization is valued in respect of its impact on the final goal of the organizatio... Inventory Estimate Investiments To analyze the amount of a company cash out- flow TOC raised the following question: how much money is invested in a com... Throughput Accounting TOC Controlling System From the disruptive Theory of Constraints descends a new Management Accounting methodology known as Throughput Accountin... Throughput Concept Estimate Profits According to the TOC Measurement System, the first question every manager should answer is: how many profits does a comp... What is an Accurate Finance System in the TOC Perspective? Finance TOC is a methodology and a set of processes to maximize a system�s ROI/ROCE equation. By employing solutions that ident...

信息来源 有关约束理论的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Introduction to Goldratt's Theory of Constraints Theory of Constraints, TOC, Just-in-time, Drum-Buffer-Rope, Shop Floor, Decision Making Presentation about TOC, that briefly discusses the traditional approach to managing organizations and making decisions a... Theory of Constraints 101 TOC, Theory of Constraints, Eliyahu Goldratt, Focus on the Bottleneck Concise 3-minute intro to the 5 main steps in Eliyahu Goldratt's Theory of Constraints.... Theory of Constraints vs. ABC Compare TOC and ABC Two system-based views exist regarding managerial value chain analysis: Theory of Constraints (TOC) and Activity-Based C... Supply Chain Collaboration SCC, Theory of Constraints Successful supply chain collaboration (SCC) practices are rather exceptional, yet collaboration is believed to be the si... TOC Reference Sheet TOC Reference Guide Here is a TOC reference guide from an expert in TOC, David Camp. I hope you find it useful.... Distribution TOC way Managing Distribution According to TOC Principles The Theory of Constraints (TOC) analyzes the impact of supply together with the demand over the management of the supply...

研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源约束理论。 新闻 视频 简报   书比人好 学术的 更多

比较： Root Cause Analysis[根本原因分析]  |  8D Problem Solving[8D问题求解]  |  Gantt Chart[甘特图]  |  Analogical Strategic Reasoning[战略类推]  |  Pyramid Principle[金字塔原则]  |  Brainstorming[头脑风暴法]  |  Kepner-Tregoe Matrix[KT矩阵]  |  Crisis Management[危机管理]  |  Game Theory[博奕论]  |  Real Options[实物期权]  |  Dialectical Inquiry[辩证探询法]  |  Delphi Method[德尔菲法]  |  Six Thinking Hats[六项思考帽]  |  Plausibility Theory[可能性理论]  |  Mind Mapping[心智图法]

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