Systemdynamik | Systemtänkande
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Vad är Systemtänkande? Definition

Systemtänkande är ett angreppssätt för att studera och leda komplexa återkopplingssystem som man t.ex. finner i företaget eller andra sociala system. Faktum är att den har använts till att beskriva praktiskt taget alla typer av återkopplingssystem.

Systemdynamik/System Dynamics är mer eller mindre samma som Systemtänkande/Systems Thinking, men betonar användningen av dator-simuleringsverktyg.

Termen system betyder en oberoende grupp av saker som bildar ett uniformt mönster. Återkoppling refererar till situationen där X påverkar Y, och Y som i sin tur påverkar X. Kanske genom en kedja av orsaker och effekter. Man kan inte studera fristående kopplingen mellan X och Y samt mellan Y och X utan att förutsäga hur systemet kommer att uppföra sig. Endast studien av hela återkopplingssystemet kommer att leda till korrekta resultat.

Vad är Systemdynamik?

Systemdynamik baseras på systemtänkandet, men tar de extra stegen till att konstruera och att testa en modell för datorsimulering. Systemdynamik området utvecklades initialt från boken ”Industrial Dynamics” av Jay W. Forrester.

Stegen i Systemdynamik metodiken

1. Identifiera ett problem,
2. Utveckla en dynamisk hypotes som förklarar orsaken till ett problem,
3. Bygg en modell för datorsimulering av systemet och det som ger upphov till problemet,
4. Testa modellen för att vara säker på att den reproducerar beteendet sett i den verkliga världen,
5. Tänka ut och testa modellens alternativa tillvägagångssätt som underlättar problemet,
6. Genomför lösningen.

Ofta måste dessa steg granskas och förfinas och man får gå tillbaka till tidigare steg. Till exempel så kan det första identifierade problemet endast vara ett tecken på ett ännu större problem.

Typiska användningsområden av SystemDynamik

• strategi och företagsplanering
• affärsprocessutveckling
• offentlig styrning och politik
• biologisk och medicinsk modellerande
• energi och miljön
• teoriutveckling på natur och de sociala vetenskaperna
• dynamiskt beslutsfattande
• komplex ickelinjär dynamik

Bok: John Sterman -  Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking.

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