Dinamica dei Sistemi
Pensiero Sistemico

Centro di Conoscenza

Che cos'è il Pensiero Sistemico? Definizione

Il Pensiero Sistemico è un metodo per studiare e gestire sistemi di feedback complessi, come quelli delle organizzazioni economiche e di altri sistemi sociali. In effetti è stato usato per descrivere praticamente ogni tipo di sistema di feedback.

La Dinamica dei Sistemi è più o meno la stessa cosa del Pensiero Sistemico, ma si basa sull'uso di strumenti di simulazione computerizzata.

Il termine Sistema significa un gruppo interdipendente di cose che formano un modello unificato. Il feedback si riferisce alla situazione della X che influisce sulla Y e a sua volta la Y che influisce sulla X. Forse attraverso una catena di cause ed effetti. Non si può studiare il collegamento fra X e Y e, indipendentemente, il collegamento fra Y ed X e predire come si comporterà il sistema. Soltanto lo studio sull'intero sistema di feedback condurrà a risultati corretti.

cos'è la Dinamica dei Sistemi?

La Dinamica dei Sistemi è basata sul Pensiero Sistemico, ma contiene fasi supplementari cioè la costruzione e la verifica di un modello di simulazione al computer. Il campo della Dinamica dei Sistemi si è sviluppato inizialmente con il libro “ Industrial Dynamics„ di Jay W. Forrester.

Fasi della metodologia della Dinamica dei Sistema

1. Identificare un problema,
2. Sviluppare un'ipotesi dinamica che spiega la causa del problema,
3. Sviluppare a computer un modello di simulazione del sistema alla radice del problema,
4. Verificare il modello per essere sicuri che riproduce il comportamento visto nell'ambiente reale,
5. Inventare e testare nel modello politiche alternative che attenuano il problema,
6. Implementare la soluzione.

Queste fasi devono essere riviste e rifinite spesso, andando indietro verso le fasi precedenti. Per esempio, il primo problema identificato può essere soltanto un sintomo di un problema  ancora più grande.

Applicazioni tipiche delle Dinamiche di Sistema

• strategia e pianificazione aziendali
• sviluppo del processo del business
• amministrazione pubblica e politica
• modellistica biologica e medica
• energia e ambiente
• sviluppo di teorie nelle scienze naturali e sociali
• processo decisionale dinamico
• dinamiche non lineari complesse

Referenza Bibliografica: John Sterman -  Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking.

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