Systemdenken | Systemdynamiken | Systemtheorie
Forrester

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Was ist Systemdenken? Definition

Systemdenken ist ein Ansatz für das Studieren und das Handhaben von komplexen Feedbacksystemen, wie man sie in Unternehmen und anderen sozialen Systemen vorfinden kann. Tatsächlich ist es verwendet worden, um praktisch jede Art von Feedbacksystem zu beschreiben.

Systemdynamik ist mehr oder weniger das selbe wie Systemdenken, hebt aber den Gebrauch von Computersimulations-Werkzeugen hervor.

Der Begriff System bedeutet eine voneinander abhängige Gruppe von Sachen, die ein vereinheitlichtes Muster bilden. Feedback bezieht sich auf die Situation von X beeinflusst Y und Y wiederum beeinflusst X. Möglicherweise durch eine Kette von Ursachen und Effekten. Man kann nicht die Verbindung zwischen X und Y und, unabhängig davon, die Verbindung zwischen Y und X studieren und voraussagen, wie das System sich verhalten wird. Nur die Studie des gesamten Feedbacksystems wird zu korrekten Resultaten führen.

Was ist Systemdynamik?

Systemdynamik basiert auf Systemdenken, aber unternimmt die zusätzlichen Schritte des Konstruierens und des Prüfens eines Computersimulations-Modells. Der Systemdynamik-Bereich hat sich zunächst aus dem Buch "Industrial Dynamics" von Jay W. Forrester entwickelt.

Schritte in der Systemdynamik-Methodik

1. Identifizieren Sie ein Problem,
2. Entwickeln Sie eine dynamische Hypothese, welche die Ursache des Probleme erklärt,
3. Bauen Sie ein Computersimulations-Modell des Systems an der Wurzel des Problems auf,
4. Prüfen Sie das Modell, um sicher zu sein, dass es das Verhalten reproduziert, das in der realen Welt beobachtet werden kann.
5. Planen und prüfen Sie in dem Modell alternative Taktiken, die das Problem vermindern,
6. Implementieren Sie die Lösung.

Häufig müssen diese Schritte nachgeprüft und verfeinert werden, zurückgehend zu einem vorigen Schritt. Zum Beispiel kann das erste identifizierte Problem nur ein Symptom eines noch größeren Problems sein.

Typische Anwendungen von Systemdynamik

• Strategie- und Unternehmensplanung
• Geschäftsprozessentwicklung
• öffentliches Management und Ordnung
• biologisches und medizinisches Modellieren
• Energie und die Umgebung
• Theorieentwicklung in den Natur- und Sozialwissenschaften
• dynamische Entscheidungsfindung
• komplexe nichtlineare Dynamik

Buch: John Sterman -  Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking.

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