14 Principles of Management (14 принципов менеджмента)
(Henri Fayol)

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14 Principles of Management (14 принципов менеджмента) Henri Fayol (1841-1925) -

Что такое 14 Principles of Management (14 принципов менеджмента)? Описание

14 принципа менеджмента Henri Fayol (1841-1925):

  1. Разделение работы (Division of work). Специализация позволяет личности накопить опыт и непрерывно улучшать свои навыки. Таким образом, человек может повысить производительность.
  2. Полномочие (Authority). Право отдавать команды, вместе с которыми болжны быть сбалансированы обязанности.
  3. Дисциплина (Discipline). Сотрудники должны выполнять поручения, но здесь надо учитывать две стороны: сотрудники будут выполнять приказы, только если менеджмент будет обеспечивать хорошее лидерство.
  4. Единство команды (Unity of Command). Каждый работник должен иметь только одно начальник без другие противоречя командн.
  5. Единство направления (Unity of Direction). У людей, вовлеченных в одну и ту же деятельность, должны быть одни и те же задачи в едином плане. Это необходимо для обеспечения единства и координации в предприятии. Единство команды не существует без единства направления, но не обязательно является его следствием.
  6. Субординация индивидуального интереса (Subordination of individual interest) (общему интересу). Менеджмент должен понимать, что цели фирмы всегда первостепенны.
  7. Вознаграждение (Remuneration). Плата является важным фактором мотивации при анализе различных возможностей, Fayol указывает на то, что не существует совершенной системы.
  8. Централизация (Centralization) (или Децентрализация). Степень зависит от состояния бизнеса и качества персонала.
  9. Скалярная цепь (Scalar Chain) (вертикаль полномочий). Иерархия необходима для единства направления. Но горизонтальная коммуникация также необходима. Скалярная цепь относится к числу уровней в иерархии от высшей позиции к самому низкому уровню в организации. Она не должна быть чрезмерной и включать слишком много уровней.
  10. Порядок (Order). Необходимы материальный порядок и социальный порядок. Первый минимизирует время простоя и отходы материалов. Последний достигается через организацию и отбор.
  11. Справедливость (Equity). В управлении бизнесом необходимо «сочетание доброты и справедливости». Хорошее обращение с сотрудниками важно для формирования справедливости.
  12. Стабильность персонала (Stability of tenure of personnel). Сотрудники работают лучше при наличии обеспеченности работой и развития карьеры. Ненадежная обеспеченность работой .
  13. Инициатива (Initiative). Предоставление возможности персоналу проявить инициативу каким-то образом - источник преимущесива организации. Даже если оно подразумевает определенные уступки со стороны менеджеров.
  14. Корпоративный дух (Esprit de corps). Менеджмент должен стимулировать моральное состояние своих сотрудников. Далее предлагается: «необходим действительный талант для того, чтобы координировать действия, поощрять энтузиазм, использовать способности каждого сотрудника и вознаграждать преимущество каждого без провоцирования чувства ревности и нарушения гармоничных отношений.»

5 функций менеджмента (Файоль

В рамках «административной» деятельности администратора, которого сегодня называют «менеджером», Файоль выделяет пять функций:

  1. Prevoyance. (Прогноз и план). Анализ будущего и составление плана действий. Элементы стратегии.
  2. Организовать. Создание структуры, материальной и человеческой.
  3. Командывать. Поддержание деятельности среди персонала.
  4. Координировать.  Объединение и согласование действий и усилий.
  5. Контролировать. Понимание того, что все происходит в соответствии с установленными правилами и командами.

Происхождение 14 принципов менеджмента. История

Henri Fayol (1841-1925) был французским теоретиком менеджмента, чьи теории в менеджменте и организации трудовых ресурсов приобрели большое влияние в начале 20-ого века. Он работал горным инженером во французской горнодобывающей компании Commentry-Fourchamboult-Decazeville, сначала в качестве инженера. Затем он перешел в общее управление и стал управляущим директором в 1888-1918гг. Во время его пребывания в должности управляющего директора он написал различные статьи по «администрации» и в 1916г. Bulletin de la Société de l’ Industrie Minérale напечатала его «Administration, Industrielle et Générale – Prévoyance, Organisation, Commandement, Coordination, Contrôle». В 1949г. появился первый английский перевод:   «General and Industrial Management» Constance Storrs.


Применение 14 принципов менеджмента. Формы применения

  • Изменение и организация.
  • Процесс принятия решений.
  • Навыки. Для повышения эффективности менеджера.
  • Представление менеджмента как совокупности действий, которые могут быть систематизированы и сгруппированны.

Книга: Henri Fayol - General and Industrial Management


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Сравните с 14 Principles of Management (14 принципов менеджмента): POSDCORB  |  Organization Chart (Схема организационной структуры)  |  Fourteen Points of Management (14 пунктов менеджмента) (Deming (Деминг))  |  Ten Schools of Thought (10 школ мысли)  |  Training Within Industry (Обучение в промышленности)  |  Eight Attributes of Management Excellence (8 атрибутов превосходства в управлении)  |  Centralization (Централизация) и Decentralization (Децентрализация)


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