14 Managementprincipes
(Henri Fayol)

Kenniscentrum

Wat zijn De 14 managementprincipes? Beschrijving

De 14 Managementprincipes van Fayol (1841-1925) zijn:

1. Verdeling van Werk. Specialisatie stelt het individu in staat om ervaring op te doen en zijn vaardigheden te verbeteren. Daardoor kan hij productiever zijn.
2. Authoriteit. Het recht en de verantwoordelijkheid om bevelen te geven.
3. Discipline. De werknemers moeten gehoorzamen, maar dit heeft twee kanten: de werknemers zullen slechts orders uitvoeren als het management hun rol goed vervult.
4. Eenheid van Commando. Elke arbeider moet slechts één baas / leidinggevende hebben, zonder andere tegenstrijdige commandolijnen.
5. Eenheid van Richting. Mensen die dezelfde soort activiteiten uitvoeren moeten dezelfde doelstellingen hebben in één enkel plan. Dit is essentieel om eenheid en coördinatie in de onderneming te waarborgen. Eenheid van bevel bestaat niet zonder eenheid van richting maar komt niet noodzakelijk eruit voort.
6. Ondergeschiktheid van het individuele belang (aan het algemeen belang). De doelstellingen van het bedrijf wegen altijd het zwaarst.
7. Beloning. Belononing en betaling is een belangrijke motivator, hoewel Fayol door een aantal mogelijkheden te analyseren erop wijst dat er geen perfect beloningssysteem bestaat.
8. Centralisatie (of Decentralisatie). Dit is geen zwart-wit kwestie en is afhankelijk van de conditie van het bedrijf en de kwaliteit van haar personeel.
9. Formele hiërarchie (Lijn van Authoriteit). Een hiërarchie is noodzakelijk voor eenheid van richting. Maar zijwaartse communicatie is ook van belang, zolang de meerderen weten dat dergelijke communicatie plaatsvindt. De formele bevelsketen verwijst naar het aantal niveaus in de hiërarchie vanaf de hoogste functionaris tot het laagste niveau in de organisatie. Het aantal niveaus moet niet overdreven worden en uit teveel lagen bestaan.
10. Orde. Zowel materiële orde en sociale orde zijn noodzakelijk. De eerstgenoemde minimaliseert verloren tijd en nutteloze behandeling van materialen. De laatstgenoemde wordt bereikt door organisatie en selectie.
11. Gelijkheid. Bij het voeren van een bedrijf is een "combinatie van vriendelijkheid en rechtvaardigheid" nodig. Het goed behandelen van werknemers is belangrijk om gelijkheid te bereiken.
12. Personeelsbehoud. Werknemers werken beter als ze verzekerd zijn van hun baan en van vooruitgang in hun carrière. Een onzekere baan en een hoog tempo van werknemerswisselingen zullen de organisatie ongunstig beïnvloeden.
13. Initiatief. Het toestaan aan al het personeel om op de één of andere manier hun initiatief te tonen. Dit is een bron van sterkte voor de organisatie. Hoewel het wel van managers vraagt om niet alles zelf te willen beslissen en regelen.
14. Teamspirit. Het management moet een goed moreel onder zijn werknemers bevorderen. Fayol suggereert verder dat: "echt talent nodig is om inspanning te coördineren, om felheid aan te moedigen, om de bekwaamheden van elke persoon te gebruiken, en om elk van iemands verdiensten te belonen zonder jaloersheid te wekken welke harmonieuze relaties verstoren."

Wat is Management? Vijf elementen

Fayol's definitie van managementrollen en -acties bevatten Vijf Elementen:

1. Vooruitzien. Het voorspellen en plannen. Het onderzoeken van de toekomst en het opstellen van een plan met acties. De elementen van strategie.
2. Organiseren. Het opbouwen van de structuur van de onderneming, zowel materieel als menselijk.
3. Opdrachten geven. Het zorgen voor activiteit onder het personeel.
4. Coördineren. Het samenbinden, verenigen en doen harmoniëren van alle activiteiten en inspanningen.
5. Controleren. Het erop toezien dat alles in overeenstemming verloopt met de vastgelegde regels en gegeven opdrachten.

Oorsprong van de 14 Managementprincipes. Geschiedenis

Henri Fayol (1841-1925) was een Franse managementtheoreticus wiens theorieën over management en organisatie van arbeid zeer invloedrijk waren in het begin van de 20ste eeuw. Hij was een mijnbouwingenieur die werkte voor een Frans mijnbouwbedrijf Commentry-Fourchamboult-Decazeville. Aanvankelijk als ingenieur. Vervolgens ging hij zich bezighouden met algemeen management en werd Managing Director van 1888 tot 1918. Tijdens zijn aanstelling als Managing Director schreef hij diverse artikelen over „beleid“ en in 1916 schreef hij "Administration, Industrielle et Générale – Prévoyance, Organisation, Commandement, Coordination, Contrôle". In 1949 verscheen de eerste Engelse vertaling: "General and Industrial Management" (Algemeen en Industrieel Management) van de hand van Constance Storrs.

Gebruik van De 14 Managementprincipes. Toepassingen

• Verandering en Organisatie
• Besluitvorming
• Vaardigheden. Kan worden gebruikt om de basiseffectiviteit van managers te verbeteren.
• Het inzicht dat management een verscheidenheid van groepeerbare activiteiten is.

Boek: Henri Fayol - General and Industrial Management

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