Los 14 Principios de la Administración
(Henri Fayol)

Centro de Conocimiento

¿Cuáles son Los 14 Principios de la Administración? Explicación

Los 14 principios de Administración de Henri Fayol (1841-1925) son:

1. División del trabajo. La especialización permite que el individuo acumule experiencia, y mejore continuamente sus habilidades. De tal modo pueda ser cada vez más productivo.
2. Autoridad. El derecho a dictar órdenes, junto con las cuales debe ir equilibrada la responsabilidad de su función.
3. Disciplina. Los empleados deben obedecer, pero este tema tiene dos caras: los empleados obedecerán sólo la gerencia hace su parte proporcionando una buena dirección.
4. Unidad de comando. Cada trabajador debe tener solamente un jefe sin otras líneas de mando en conflicto.
5. Unidad de dirección. La gente contratada para la misma clase de actividades debe tener los mismos objetivos en un solo plan. Esto es esencial para asegurar la unidad y la coordinación en la empresa. La unidad del comando no existe sin la unidad de la dirección, pero no fluye necesariamente de ella.
6. Subordinación del interés individual (al interés general). La Administración debe considerar que las metas de las empresas son siempre supremas.
7. Remuneración. El pago es un motivador importante pero cuando Fayol analiza un número de posibilidades, precisa que no existe un sistema de remuneración perfecto.
8. Centralization (Descentralización). Éste es un tema de grado dependiendo de la condición del negocio y de la calidad del personal.
9. Cadena escalonada (línea de autoridad). Una jerarquía es necesaria para la unidad de la dirección. Pero la comunicación lateral es también fundamental, mientras que los superiores sepan que está ocurriendo tal comunicación. La cadena escalonada se refiere al número de niveles en la jerarquía desde la autoridad de mayor nivel hasta el más bajo de la organización. No debe ser muy ampia o consistir de demasiados niveles.
10. Orden. El orden material y el orden social son necesarios. El primero disminuye la pérdida de tiempo y la manipulación innecasaria de materiales. El segundo se logra con la organización y la selección.
11. Acción. En el funcionamiento de un negocio es necesaria una “combinación de amabilidad y justicia”. Tratar bien a los empleados es importante lograr equidad.
12. Estabilidad de la contratación del personal. Los empleados trabajan mejor si tienen la seguridad en su empleo y en el progreso de su carrera. Una contratación insegura y un alto índice de rotación de personal de forma contraria a la organización.
13. Iniciativa. Permitir que todo el personal muestre su iniciativa de cierta manera es una fuente de la fortaleza para la organización. Aun cuando puede implicar un sacrificio de la “vanidad personal” de parte de muchos gerentes.
14. Espíritu de cuerpo. La Administración debe fomentar la motivación moral de sus empleados. Fuyol llega aún más lejos: “El necesario un verdadero talento para coordinar esfuerzos, provocar el entusiasmo, utilizar las capacidades de cada persona, y recompensar a cada uno según sus méritos, sin despertar posibles celos posibles y disturbar las relaciones armoniosas.”

5 Funciones de la Administración (Fayol)

Como parte de la actividad "administrativa", el administrador - a quien hoy llamamos gerente - Fayol distingue cinco funciones:

1. Planificar. (Pronóstico y plan). Examinando el futuro y elaborando un plan de la acción. Los elementos de la estrategia.
2. Organizar. Definir la estructura, material y humana, de la empresa.
3. Dirigir. Mantener fluidas las actividades del personal.
4. Coordinar. Unificar y armonizando toda la actividad y el esfuerzo.
5. Controlar. Ver que todo ocurra conforme a las regla establecidas y a las órdenes impartidas.

Origen de Los 14 Principios de la Administración. Historia

Henri Fayol (1841-1925) era un teórico de la administración francés cuyas teorías en la administración y en la organización del trabajo fueron extensamente influyentes a principios siglo XX. Era un ingeniero minero que trabajó para la compañía minera francesa Commentry-Fourchamboult-Decazeville, primero como ingeniero. Después fue promovido a la gerencia general y después como Director de Administración desde 1888 a 1918. Durante su arrendamiento como director de manejo él escribió los varios artículos en la “administración” y en 1916 el boletín de la Société de l' Industrie Minérale, impreso su “administración, Industrielle et Générale - Prévoyance, organización, dirección, coordinación, Contrôle”. En 1949 la primera traducción inglesa apareció con el nombre:   “Administración general e industrial” de Constance Storrs.

Uso de los 14 principios de Administración. Aplicaciones

• Innovación y organización.
• Toma de decisiones.
• Habilidades. Puede ser utilizado para mejorar la eficacia básica de un gerente.
• Entienda que la gerencia puede ser considerada como una variedad de actividades, que pueden ser enumeradas y agrupadas.

Libro: Henri Fayol - General and Industrial Management

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Fuentes de Información Varias fuentes de información sobre Principios de Administración. Aquí encontrará powerpoints, videos, noticias, etc. para usar en sus propias conferencias y talleres. Visions on the Roles of Managers, Management Roles, Managerial Roles Management, Leadership, Reflection on What Management Fundamentally is, Workshops, Trainings This superb presentation outlines the roles and tasks that managers perform. The presentation includes views of importan... Scientific Management: Definitions, Theorists and Main Contributions Scientific Management, Taylor, Gannt, Gilbreth, Gulick, Weber, Fayol Presentation about Scientific Management that includes a description of the main theorists their contributions to the th... The Role of Supervisor | Skills of Supervisors Skills of a Supervisor, Supervisor Role, Supervisor Behavior This presentation elaborates on the skills that supervisors need in order to be successful in their business/organizatio... Fayol Principles of Management Principles of Management Short presentation by Saruchi Pandey.... Delegation versus Empowerment Delegation, Employee Empowerment, Situational Leadership, Management Employees want to feel that their work is important and that they contribute to the success of the company. As a manager... Theory of Bureaucracy (Weber) and the 14 Principles of Management (Fayol) Administration, Management, Early Administrative Management Theories, 5 Principles, Bureaucracy This presentation presents the 5 Principles of Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy and Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Manageme... Leading versus Managing Understanding the differences between Leading and managing Dr. John Kotter gives his opinion on what are the key differences between leading and managing. - Management is a set o... Original Source Document of the 14 Principles of Fayol Management History 'pur Sang' Scan of the section in Fayol's Original Work "Administration Industrielle et Générale" that contains the "Principes et é... Principles of Management Principles and History of Management Presentation by WJ Patterson includes some generic thoughts, observations on management and contains some slides on mana... Young Steve Jobs on the Role of Managers Management, Leadership, Talent Management, Talent Acquisition, Talent Development This video is a nice start for any management course. Jobs shares some ideas on managers (in a high-tech environment) an... Mintzberg Presents 3 Views Towards Management and Decision-making Initial Understanding of Management and Decision Making, Trainings, Workshops Short presentation by Professor Henry Mintzberg on: A. Management as a Practice, in which he argues it is in the center... 10 Differences Between Managers and Leaders Management, Leadership, Development According to Scott Williams, people don't want to be managed, they want to be lead. The 10 simple, but important differ... Brief Overview of the Informal Organization Informal Organization Presentation that elaborates on the concept of informal organization. The presentation includes the following sections: ... Interpretation of the 14 Principles of Management: Comparison of Then and Now Principles of Management Paper by C.A. Rodrigues. This paper compares interpretation Fayol's fourteen Principles of Management today and in the p...

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