Vad är de oilika kulturtyperna? Beskrivning
Terrence Deal och Allan Kennedy var bland de första att skriva om företagskultur. I deras bok 1982 företagskulturer: Riter och ritualer ur företagets liv, de definierar organisatorisk kultur, på det sätt som saker blir gjorda.
Deal och Kennedy förordar företagskultur som baseras på en sammankoppling av sex olika beståndsdelar: historia, värderingar och övertygelser, ritualer och ceremonier, berättelser, heroiska figurerer och det informella kulturella nätverket av historieberättare, skvallerbyttor, viskare, spioner och präster. Deras kulturtypsmodell visar på fyra företagskulturtyper som är baserat på två beståndsdelar:
- Återkopplingshastighet: Hur snabb är återkopplingen och belöningen som erhålles, där personalen informeras att de gör ett gott eller dåligt jobb).
- Graden av risk: Nivån på risktagande (graden av osäkerhet).
Kombinationen av dessa två beståndsdelar resulterar i fyra typer av företagskulturer:
- Tuff Macho kultur (snabb återkoppling och belöning, hög risk):
- Betonar resultaten från en hög risk och den höga potentiella minskningen eller ökningen av belöning.
- Fokusera på nuet, individualism rådande över teamwork.
- Typiska exempel: reklam, mäklararvode, sport.
- Arbeta hårt spela tufft kultur (snabb återkoppling och belöning, låg risk):
- Betonar resultaten från kvantitet av arbetsinsats i stället för osäkerhet.
- Fokusera på en snabb handling, hög nivå av energi.
- Typiska exempel: försäljning restauranger, programvaruföretag.
- Processkultur (långsam återkoppling och belöning, låg risk):
- Betonar är allmänt låg, men kan komma från interna politik och dumhet till system.
- Fokuserar på detaljer och processexcellens.
- Typiska exempel: byråkratier banker, försäkringsbolag, offentlig tjänster.
- Vadslående (Bet your Company) företagskultur (långsam återkoppling och belöning, hög risk):
- Betonar resultat från hög risk och försening, innan du vet om handlingar har betalat sig.
- Fokuserar på långsiktighet, förberedelse och att planera.
- Typiska exempel: farmaceutiska företag, flygplansproducenter, oljeprospekteringsföretag.
Bok: Terrence E. Deal, Allan A. Kennedy - företagskulturer: The Rites an Rituals of fCorporate Life (1982)
Bok: Terrence E. Deal, Allan A. Kennedy - The New Corporate Cultures (2000)
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