أنواع الثقافات لديل وكينيدي

مركز المعرفة

ما هي أنواع الثقافات؟ الوصف

كان كل من تيرينس ديل وألان كنيدي من بين أوائل من كتبوا عن ثقافة المؤسسة. في كتابهم 1982 الثقافات المؤسسية: ففي كتابهما - ثقافات المؤسسات: طقوس وشعائر الحياة في المؤسسة، عام 1982، قاما بتعريف ثقافة المؤسسة من حيث الطريقة التي تتم بها الأشياء في هذا المكان.

ويحاول ديل وكنيدي أن يبرهنا على أن ثقافة المؤسسة تقوم على تشابك ستة عناصر: التاريخ والقيم والمعتقدات والطقوس والاحتفالات والقصص والرموز البطولية والشبكة الثقافية غير الرسمية للكذابين والمغتابين ومروجي الإشاعات والجواسيس ودعاة الدين. أربعة أنواع لثقافة المؤسسة، تستند إلى عنصرين:

• سرعة الإفادة بالرأي: ما سرعة تقديم الإفادة بالرأي ومنح المكافآت .
• درجة المخاطرة : مستوى تحمل المخاطرة .

والدمج بين هذين العنصرين ينتج عنه أربعة أنماط من ثقافة المؤسسات:

1. الثقافة الذكورية المعتمدة على القوة - :
   • ينشأ الاجهاد من المخاطرة العالية والاحتمال الكبير في انخفاض أو زيادة المكافأة.
   • التركيز على اللحظة الحالية، كما تطغى الفردية على روح الفريق.
   • أمثلة نموذجية: الإعلان والسمسرة والرياضة.
2. ثقافة العمل الشاق واللعب الشاق - :
   • ينشأ الاجهاد من حجم العمل وليس من عدم التأكد.
   • التركيز على التصرف السريع، ومستويات عالية من الطاقة.
   • أمثلة نموذجية: المبيعات والمطاعم وشركات برامج الكمبيوتر.
3. ثقافة العملية - إفادة بالرأي ومكافآت بطيئة، ومخاطرة منخفضة:
   • إجهاد منخفض بشكل عام ولكنه قد ينشأ من السياسات الداخلية وغباء النظام.
   • التركيز على التفاصيل وتميز العملية.
   • أمثلة نموذجية: البيروقراطية فى العمل الحكومى، والبنوك وشركات التأمين والخدمات العامة.
4. ثقافة - راهن شركتك- :
   • ينشأ الاجهاد من المخاطرة العالية والتأخير قبل معرفة ما إذا كانت العمل قد أنتج ربحاً.
   • التركيز على المدى البعيد، والإعداد والتخطيط.
   • أمثلة نموذجية: شركات المستحضرات الصيدلية، وصانعو الطائرات، وشركات التنقيب عن البترول.

Book: Terrence E. Deal, Allan A. Kennedy - Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life (1982)

Book: Terrence E. Deal, Allan A. Kennedy - The New Corporate Cultures (2000)

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روابط لمزيد من البحث القفز تلقائيًا إلى مصادر مفيدة أخرى بخصوص ثقافة الشركات. أخبار فيديو عروض الكتب أكاديمي ويكيبيديا

قارن مع أنواع الثقافات : Levels of Culture مستويات الثقافة   |  Changing Organization Cultures تغيّر ثقافات المنظمة   |  Cultural Dimensions الأبعاد الثقافيّة   |  Groupthink الفكر الجماعى   |  Core Group Theory نظرية المجموعة الجوهرية   |  Contingency Theory نظرية الاحتمالات   |  Change Management Iceberg الجبل الجليدى لإدارة التغير   |  Change Phases أطوار التغير   |  Force Field Analysis تحليل مجال القوى   |  Planned Behavior السلوك المخطّط   |  Leadership Continuum التسلسل القيادى   |  Cultural Intelligence الذكاء الثقافيّ

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