Cost of Capital

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Ensuring that all investments of a firm yield a higher return than the cost of capital. Explanation of Cost of Capital.

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What is Cost of Capital? Description

The Cost of Capital is the amount, expressed as an annual percentage, that a firm must pay to obtain adequate funds.

Firms finance their operations by three mechanisms:

Issuing stock (equity or preferred).
Issuing debt (borrowing from a bank) .
Reinvesting prior earnings (internal financing).

The significance to a business of its cost of capital is that it has to ensure that all investments it makes yield a Return, which is at least equal to the cost of capital. The return on capital must be greater than the cost of capital.

Calculation of Cost of Capital. Formula

The Cost of Capital is the weighted sum of the:

Cost of Debt
Cost of Preferred Stock
Cost of Equity

To derive the Cost of Capital, each of its 3 components must be calculated first.

To calculate the Cost of Debt, multiply the interest expense associated with the debt by the inverse of the tax rate percentage, and divide the result by the amount outstanding. Be sure to include any transactional fees in the denominator (acquisition fees, premiums, discounts).

To calculate the Cost of Preferred Stock, simply divide interest expense by the amount of preferred stock.

Cost of Debt calculation + Cost of Preferred Stock calculation

Visit the following page for more details on calculating the Cost of Equity.

Calculation Cost of Equity, Formula

Now that all of its three components have been calculated, they can be combined on a weighted average basis to derive the blended cost of capital for a firm.

This is done by multiplying the cost of each component by the amount of outstanding funding associated with it (see figure 2):

Cost of Capital calculation

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Instead of the term (Weighted Average) Cost of Capital you often find its acronym: WACC.

Compare with Cost of Capital: Cost of Equity | WACC | Capital Asset Pricing Model | Internal Rate of Return

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