Knowledge Management[知识管理]
(Collison Parcell)

知识中心

什么是知识管理？ 释义

由Chris Collison和Geoff Parcell提出的知识管理法（Knowledge Management），是一个学习、获取、分享以及开发知识与实践经验的架构。

知识管理这个概念事实上是一种矛盾修饰法——没有哪一个管理人员能够管理知识资产，它依附于员工体内，大抵只能通过对话交流来分享。

尽管“什么你能做”这样的情形，也是指： 管理一种知识环境，在这种环境下，知识被产生、发现、获取、分享、萃取、确认、转移、调整、采用以及应用。 从而为组织创造价值。

知识迅速繁衍的环境：

• 正确的条件。 可靠的基础设施和组织架构有助于产生创新精神。
• 正确的方法。 学习的方法、模型和流程。
• 正确的行动。 由此，人们本能地寻找、分享和使用知识。
• 正确的领导力。 在正确领导之下，学习与分享成为可期待的、角色明确的活动。

知识管理为组织活动前、中、后期的学习行为提供了大量的实用工具和辅助技术。
这种干预知识学习的方法如果能够通过合适手段，比如通过人际网络（社区）、或通过成文化、规范化且不断更新的“知识产品”进行传播分享，那么它的裨益将会成倍提高。

知识管理法的起源 历史

知识管理起源于美国陆军以及其他一些组织的学习管理实践活动，1998年，英国石油公司（BP）的一个知识管理团队借鉴了这些成功经验，提出了知识管理的概念。2001年，Collison和Parcell出版了《Learning to Fly, lessons from one of the world’s leading knowledge companies》（中文译名《英国石油公司组织学习最佳实践》），在书中系统阐述了知识管理。 新书出版伊始，就诞生了一个围绕这一方法进行知识管理实践的组织，现在这一组织的成员已超过700人，他们来自各行各业。 2005年，《Learning to Fly》的新版问世，在书中，Collison和Parcell展示了知识管理的可转移性，以及其他10个组织的知识管理案例。 现在，从联合国到戴比尔斯（De Beers，全球最大的钻石公司，译者注），从英国广播公司（BBC）到南威尔士的小学校，开始广泛应用知识管理法。 此外，知识管理的内容已经走进了大部分商学院的课堂，如 英国的Henley&Cranfield管理学校。

知识管理法的运用 应用

• 防范重复发明轮问题（Wheel Reinvention Problem），尤其是在大型的国际化组织中尤为重要。
• 加速并购后的整合进程。
• 辨识、捕获以及分享组织内的好经验。
• 应对抑制组织发展的文化壁垒问题，如“非我发明症”（Not Invented Here）。
• 构建、培育以及支持学习、实践的网络和组织。
• 开创持续学习、提高的文化氛围。
• 通过领导力介入，强化知识分享等正确行为。

知识管理法步骤 流程

请参见右图。

• 个人和集体在一些列组织目标上达成一致意见。 然后，他们即运用知识朝向目标努力，最终产生价值。 那么从何处入手，对知识管理进行有效干预呢？
• 注意力应该着重放在“知识运用圈”（Using Knowledge Circle）上。 如果在组织活动前、中、后期，你都能积极鼓舞、启发同伴，那么结果会怎样呢？ 简单的学习过程，例如帮助同事学习解惑、对完毕的项目、行动进行回顾，对知识管理都有积极的贡献作用，即帮助引出新的知识。这些知识可能早就萦绕在组织成员的脑海里，只是一直没有人去触发。
• 所有这些学习活动都免不了要牵连到一种所谓的“知识银行”（Knowledge Bank）。 在你做任何事情之前你总会想到先要学习，这时你就需要从知识银行里取出知识。 当你在想要有所贡献、有所作为的领域里已经学到了知识的时候，你就要往知识银行里存入知识。
• 当此过程中，你的捕捉以及萃取知识的能力就显得尤为重要。 然而，这些还不是“故事”的全貌。 事实上，一个人是不可能捕获、掌握所有知识的，所以将那些掌握着重要知识、有深刻见识的人与组织联系起来，鼓励他们阐释、更新所占有的知识，从而使这些知识成为组织的信息资源。
• 知识管理模型架构中的组织环境（或文化），对于知识共享的促进和保持也是非常重要的， 这具体反映在正确的领导行为上。知识管理最终将植入组织的核心流程中，并成为一种“无意识的竞争力”。

知识管理架构的优势 优点

• 较少的知识汲取，更多的知识回报！ 关系到组织中每一位成员的学习活动。
• 提高组织识别，传输典范实践。
• 对生产企业而言，学习提高将加速产品发展、持续改进的周期。
• 有效防止“重复发明轮”错误。
• 识别和克服“非我发明”症。
• 提高知识共享的水平，改进知识共享的方式。
• 方法手段值得信赖。 其效果已为包括英国石油公司（BP）在内的国际企业、教育机构、国际政府组织以及NGO等各界的成功实践所证明。

知识管理法的局限 缺点

• 知识管理不仅仅是一项拥有“快速修复”特征的管理技术，更是一种综合的整体管理方法，它需要组织全体人员自觉主动地应对来自底涵文化和整个组织流程的挑战。
• 比较而言，知识管理对于大型的、分布式的组织更具实用性， 尽管它对于中小企业（SMEs）同样有效。
• 表面看上去非常简单，具有迷惑性。
• 知识管理常常被信息管理技术的提供商所误解， 其主要原因是，对于管理的偏见。

知识管理的假定 条件

• 如果组织运作积极、高效，它将会获得更大的收益。
• 对于那些顾客服务有时间要求的公司来说，它们尤为需要关注带来收益的知识管理到底于何处产生价值。

参考书： Collison & Parcell - Learning to Fly [中译本《英国石油公司组织学习最佳实践》，机械工业出版社，2003]

参见： Chris Collison的网站

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：知识管理。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 The Value of Knowledge in a New Job Knowledge is an interesting thing: in one respect, once we have it, we never lose it. In another respect, when a change occurs our previous knowledge typically has limited application to a new situati... 15   16条评论 Components of Knowledge Sharing Systems What are the essential components of knowledge sharing systems in an organization?... 8   2条评论 Getting Traction in KM through Weekly Updates... I made a very interesting observation over the past few weeks as I have been sending weekly updates to my stakeholders. Though I am still working on my governance model, and ways to build engagement I... 5   1条评论 Knowledge Management Activity: The Share / Learn Board This morning I facilitated a workshop around with the aim of getting people to connect and talk to fill knowledge gaps. There was no technology, and it was a stand up event. I had them do two rounds o... 5   2条评论 Set Up a Knowledge Management Office Large, complex organizations can and should create a specific office for knowledge development and/or management to attract, pull, organize, stimulate and share knowledge and knowhow. This "Knowledge... 4   2条评论 Let's SYSTEMATICALLY Develop the Process of Knowledge Management Knowledge Management is increasingly considered as a key asset and a critical resource to maintain, valorize and develop, in every type of organization, be it large or small, and within all sectors, f... 3   1条评论 开始一个新的论坛主题关于知识管理

最佳实践 关于知识管理的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 🥇 Social Networking for Knowledge Sharing All of you know the value of Facebook and Twitter these days. Have you ever thought of such social network within the organization where all can share their work related knowledge and also share perso... 130   5条评论

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信息来源 有关知识管理的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Management of Knowledge Workers Innovation, IPP, Litigation Hans K, Hvide and Eirik G. Kristiansen study how complementarities and intellectual property rights affect the managemen... Innovation and Knowledge Management The Importance of Innovation and Knowledge Management Authors: Dr. Siddhan and Dr. Abdul Halam A presentation in which the importance of Knowledge Management and Innovation ... Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning Models, Implementation, Overview, Examples An extensive presentation explaining both the concept of Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning by H. Gundogan... Knowledge Transfer and Knowledge Sharing Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge Transfer Preentation that is an introduction into the concept of Knowledge Transfer, including its fundamentals, strategies, guid... How to Improve Knowledge Sharing in Knowledge-intensive Organizations Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing Motivation, Knowledge Sharing Platform. Tacit Knowledge This presentation elaborates on the concept of knowledge sharing, thereby focusin on a knowledge-intensive organization ... Knowledge Management Systems Architecture Knowledge Management, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Systems, Knowledge Architecture This presentation is about knowledge development and management, including the following sections: 1. Overview 2. Know... Overview of Existing Types of Knowledge Knowledge Management, Knowledge Types, Tacit, Implicit, Explicit, Declarative, Procedural Knowledge This presentation provides an overview of the different types of knowledge that exist. The presentation includes the fol... Why Continuous Learning is Key to Your Life and Career Your Personal Growth and Development, Career Management 2015: FACEBOOK OR 12MANAGE? At the end of the year, we at 12manage were discussing the massive amount of meaningless ... Introduction to Knowledge Management: Foundation Principles and Building Concepts Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing, Learning Organization 1. What is Knowledge? 1. What is Knowledge Management? Definition 2. Knowledge Foundation Principles and Building Conc... Introduction and Summary of SECI Initial Understanding of SECI. Start of workshop/training Knowledge Management Is utilizing tacit (the unseen huge part of the iceberg), as well as explicit (the tip of the iceb... E-knowledge networks Knowledge Management The emergence of new technologies has increased the ability of organisations to share knowledge, not just internally, bu... Professor Evans Explains Why Fast Change Requires New Ways of Learning and Thinking Action Learning, Coping with Change, The Need of Change, The Need for New Ways of Learning In this historic video Action Learning Professor Reg Evans shows that it is very important to understand that today's ra... How to Integrate Internal Organizational Knowledge with External Online Communities Knowledge Management, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Sharing, Interaction, Knowledge in Organizations Due to many online and web-based technological developments in today�s digital economy, sharing knowledge in online comm... Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning and Intellectual Capital Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning Presentation about organizational knowledge, learning and intellectual capital. The presentation includes the following ... Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Learning through Communities of Practices Knowledge Sharing, Organizational Learning, Communities of Practices, Special Interest Groups Knowledge management in Communities of Practice (CoPs) This presentation is about organizational learning and knowledge... Three Levels of Knowledge Management Initial Understanding Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning According to Jury (2007), knowledge management can be categorized into three different levels, and organized in a pyrami... The Difference Between Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management Initial Understanding of the Difference Between OL en KM Dr. Edward Rogers puts forth that organizational learning and knowledge management are often considered to be synonyms a... Knowledge Management Diagram Knowledge Management Download and edit this 12manage PowerPoint graphic for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing in ... Knowledge Transfer in the E-world Knowledge Management, Knowledge Transfer, Internet, Intranet, E-Business, CRM This is a presentation about Knowledge Transfer (KT), specifically focused on KT in the e-world. The presentation consis...

研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源知识管理。 新闻 视频 简报   书比人好 学术的 更多

比较： Organizational Learning[组织学习]  |  Organizational Memory[组织记忆]  |  Bridging Epistemologies[桥接认识论]  |  SECI model[SECI模型]  |  Action Learning[行动学习法]  |  Intellectual Capital Rating[智慧资本评级]  |  Levels of Culture[文化层次]  |  People-CMM[人力资源能力成熟度模式]  |  MAGIC[MAGIC项目]

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