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Qu'est-ce que l'Innovation Disruptive ? Description
Le Modèle disruptif (de rupture) d'innovation de Clayton Christensen est une théorie qui peut être employée pour décrire l'impact des nouvelles technologies (changement révolutionnaire) sur l'existence d'une entreprise. Clayton Christensen a inventé pour la première fois l'expression de « Technologies disruptives » en 1997, dans son livre « Le dilemme de l'innovateur : Quand les Nouvelles Technologies font chuter de grandes entreprises ».
Il a démontré que maintes et maintes fois presque toutes les organisations qui sont "mortes" ou ont été déplacées de leurs industries (en raison d'un nouveau paradigme d'offre client) auraient pu voir venir la rupture, mais n'ont rien fait jusqu'à ce qu'il ait été trop tard.
En faisant ce que les bonnes compagnies sont censées faire - approvisionner leurs clients les plus profitables et concentrer les investissements là où les marges bénéficiaires sont les plus attrayantes - les leaders établis de l'industrie sont dans une logique d'innovations soutenues, elles laissent la voie libre pour que les technologies disruptives les enterrent. Ceci se produit parce que les procédés de répartition de ressource des entreprises établies sont conçus pour maximiser la rentabilité par des innovations soutenues, ce qui impliquent essentiellement de concevoir des "souricières" de plus en plus efficaces pour des clients existants ou des segments de marché bien établis. Quand émerge des innovations disruptives (en général meilleur marché, de nouvelles versions de produits existants plus simple à utiliser ciblant le segment bas du marché ou des clients entièrement nouveaux), les entreprises établies sont paralysées. Elles sont presque toujours motivées à cibler le segment haut du marché plutôt que de défendre ces nouveaux marchés ou le segment bas du marché, et finalement l'innovation disruptive améliore, vole plus de part de marché, et remplace le produit dominant.
Types d'innovation
Les entreprises ont deux options différentes quand elles cherchent à développer de nouvelles opportunités d'activités et de croissance. Elles peuvent essayer de prendre le marché existant d'un concurrent indélogeable avec des innovations soutenues. Ou elles peuvent essayer de prendre sur un concurrent avec des innovations disruptives pour créer de nouveaux marchés ou prendre racine parmi les plus mauvais anciens clients.
Il y a deux types distincts d'Innovations Disruptives. Le premier type crée un marché en visant des non-consommateurs. La seconde concurrence dans l'extrémité basse d'un marché établi.
Origine du Modèle disruptif d'innovation. Histoire
La recherche et les études de Christensen à Harvard.
Utilisation de la méthode d'Innovation Disruptive. Applications
- Toutes sortes d'entreprises - comme elles peuvent être affectées par l'innovation/changement technologique.
Étapes dans l'Innovation Disruptive. Processus
- Le modèle montre que, à mesure que la performance exigée par les clients d'un marché existant s'accroît au cours du temps, ainsi le fait la performance fournie dans un paradigme technologique. Souvent l'amélioration de performance fournie a une trajectoire différente de la trajectoire de l'amélioration de performance exigée par les clients (voyez la figure). Quand les pentes de trajectoire diffèrent, et la performance fournie excède la performance exigée, les nouvelles technologies qui étaient seulement performance concurrentielle dans les créneaux à distance peuvent émigrer dans d'autres réseaux de client. Ceci fournit à des innovateurs un véhicule pour de nouveaux clients, qui auraient précédemment regardé leurs offres comme de qualité inférieures ; et leur permet d'offrir a des marchés courant bien établi un nouvel ensemble d'attributs de valeur de performance qui sont maintenant plus appropriés que le paradigme courant.
- La rupture et la banalisation vont réellement de pair. Une entreprise qui surpasse les besoins, simplement ne peut pas gagner (une société qui améliore un produit au point qu'il est trop élaboré pour que les clients les utilisent et paie une prime). Où la situation de Rupture (Disruptive) lui prendra ses marchés, ou celle de Banalisation lui prendra ses bénéfices. Tandis que les nouvelles vagues de Rupture (Disruptive) balayent une industrie, l'endroit où l'argent ira se déplacera au travers de la chaîne de la valeur au cours du temps. Tandis que ceci se produit, les entreprises qui se positionnent à un point dans la chaîne de la valeur où la performance n'est pas encore suffisante capteront la rentabilité.
Limites de l'Innovation Disruptive. Inconvénients
- L'Innovation Disruptive exige un processus de stratégie bien distinct. Ce processus doit être émergent et concentré sur des opportunités imprévues, des problèmes et des succès, plutôt que visé et concentré sur une compréhension améliorée de ce qui fonctionne ou pas.
- Au lieu de concevoir les produits et les services qui adressent le comportement courant des clients courants, les buts (finalités) sous-jacents des personnes devraient alimenter la conception (design) des innovations. La compréhension de ce qu'est le besoin réel des personnes est cependant loin d'être facile.
- Les entreprises disruptives ne peuvent pas réaliser de gros bénéfices très rapidement, dû à leur nature (adressant de nouveaux marchés, ou adressant le segment bas de marchés existants). Les spécialistes du capital-risque sont de plus en plus impatients à ce que les activités d'entreprises fournissent des rentabilités.
Hypothèses de l'Innovation Disruptive. Conditions
Les entreprises risquent la mort pour ignorer dans leurs décisions les technologies qui ne semblent pas satisfaire les besoins des clients, comme celles-ci deviennent mortelles quand la trajectoire de deux paradigmatiques des progrès interagissent.
Livre : Clayton M. Christensen - The Innovator's Dilemma - 
Livre : Clayton M. Christensen - The Innovator's Solution -
Livre : Clayton M. Christensen - Seeing What's Next -
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 Réflexion sur L'innovation Disruptive
Je trouve que la technologie disruptive est à la fois encourageante et déstabilisante. Elle permet à certaines entreprises de bien s'implanté sur le marché. Toutefois, cette innovation ne prend pas en considération la vitesse d'adoption de ses nouvea...
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Platform Disruptions
Disruptive platforms are often much bigger than disruptive products. Some examples:
- Uber owns no vehicle, but is still the largest taxi company in the world
- Alibaba has no inventory, but is yet the greatest ...
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The Resources-Processes-Values (RPV) Framework
The resources-processes-values (RPV) framework is a useful tool to understand why big companies fail in responding to disruption:
- RESOURCES are usually assets like technology, fund and people.
- PROCESSES are how organisati...
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Slow Innovation: PROs, CONs and Tips
When we talk about innovation, we often associate it with disruptive innovation efforts / large-scale processes that change an organization’s business model or products quite radically. But, there is a slower form of innovation that needs attention a...
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Leapfrogging Technologies by Developing Countries
Leapfrogging is a way for developing countries to benefit from earlier skills and advancements of the developed world by skipping altogether a technological stage. For example, many developing countries have implemented mobile technologies by going w...
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What is Disruptive Innovation Exactly? Definition
A "definition" of Disruptive Innovation that's frequently quoted is one which is located on Christensen's website. It reads:
"DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION describes a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple appli...
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Is Disruptive Innovation Radical?
Disruptive Innovation is often incorrectly described as a radical rather than incremental change in technology. In fact, one of the fundamental elements of Christensen’s work was to illustrate that market incumbents rather than entrants are mainly re...
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Disruptive Innovation: What Causes the Creative Leap?
What causes the difference in magnitude of creative leap? One may create a quantum leap, but other innovations may not be that significant. Is there a process to manifest and channelize creative energy? Obviously many people were and are exist...
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Better Input from Consumers Needed for Disruptive Innovation
Technological innovations bring positivity, a better quality of life. But have they considered those without access to normal technology, to achieve current level of innovation?
A little prudence must be used in terms of consumption, since there...
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The Word 'Disruptive' in Disruptive Innovation
I wonder if the term 'disruptive' is in fact the appropriate word.
If it's agreed that it means: unexpected, large scale, sudden, different approach innovation or large unexpected / clever changes to a product (or something similar) which will c...
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Disruptive Innovations Question our Knowledge
It's hard to change. This holds for organisations and people. A disruptive innovation questions what we know and exposes that we don't know, what we don't know.
It's an issue of complexity and requires a complex way forward of moving from certai...
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How to Sustain Disruptive Innovation?
After gaining entry into some (new) market segment through disruptive innovation, how do you SUSTAIN your position and growth...
Does that require other cycles of disruptive innovation, or will regular incremental innovation do?...
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Distinguishing Three Types of Innovation
Christensen (2014) argues that investing in different types of innovation will influence markets and firms in different ways. Therefore it is important to make a distinction between the different types of innovations, and when assessing them to use a...
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Leadership Skills / Approaches for Successful Innovation
Innovation leadership requires other approaches than general leadership for the core business. Furr and Dyer (2014) outline some unique leadership skills/approaches required for successful innovation:
1. RATHER THAN DICTATING...
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Innovation Disruptive Groupe d'Intérêt Spécial
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Innovation Disruptive Enseignement & Evènements
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 How to Find Innovative Ideas? From Analogous Markets...
When trying to find innovative ideas for your organization, several studies have revealed that it is highly valuable to access expertise from outside your area of expertise. This is - according to Frane, Poetz and Schreier (2013) - because the degree...
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Innovation Strategy: The Three Horizons of Growth (McKinsey)
One of ways of thinking about innovation strategy is to use the 3 Horizons of Growth developed by Steve Coley at McKinsey.
The framework provides a useful mold to formulate an organization’s product and service portfolio strategy. It's a...
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Strategic Options for Old-Technology Firms
What should be the strategic response of old-technology firms when a promising new technology shows up? Typically firms respond by either
1. Fighting the new technology, or
2. Trying to make a transition to the new technol...
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Tips for Innovation Strategy
As a part of corporate success factor development process, we have found a need to build up an "Innovation Strategy". Can anybody give good hints or examples of what to or not to take into consideration?...
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Disruptive versus Incremental Innovation
Typically, Incremental Innovation exploits existing forms or technologies... Improves upon something that already exists or reconfigures an existing form or technology to serve some other purpose... It is other wise called marginal or continuo...
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How Can Incumbents Respond to Disruptors?
In recent years, the challenges to incumbent majors across industries have come mainly from low-cost competitors and from dotcoms (e.g. British Airwa...
Usage (application) : 5 Strategic Options in Reaction to Disruptors
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How to Find Good Product Ideas? List of 10 Approaches
In his book “ Product Leadership: Creating and Launching Superior New Products”, Robert Cooper suggests following ten ways to great new-product ...
Usage (application) : Discovering New-Product Ideas, Creative Approaches
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Innovation Pitfalls
Harvard Professor R. Moss Kanter describes 4 common innovation mistakes and corresponding remedies (HBR Nov 2006):
1. STRATEGY MISTAKES - Seeking...
Usage (application) : Avoiding Innovation Traps
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Challenging the Existing Strategic Logic
A tool by Kim and Mauborgne is the " Four Actions Framework". This Four Actions Fr...
Usage (application) : Finding New Markets
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The Simple-Cheap-Convenient Approach
Based on Christensen’s model of disruptive innovation, Norton and Pine argue that experience innovation can effectively disrupt traditional competitor...
Usage (application) : Addressing the Unmet Needs of Customers
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Distinguish Disruptive Technology Innovation From Disruptive Marketing Innovation!
It is necessary to distinguish between disruptive technology innovation and disruptive marketing innovation, since there is no perfect interaction an...
Usage (application) : 2 Distinct Capabilities...
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How to Detect Consumer Needs that are Unmet?
In their article New Business Models in Emerging Markets" (Harvard Business Review, January-February 2011), Matthew J. Eyring, Mark W. Johnson, and Ha...
Usage (application) : Product Innovation, New Product Development, Innovation Strategy
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Key Challenges of Internet Age for Management and for Product and Service Development
The Internet age represents a huge challenge for most businesses. Why?
- Because the Internet, wireless devices such as mobile phones in co...
Usage (application) : R&D, Product Development, Service Development, Strategy, Marketing, Innovation, Visioning
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Recent Innovation Trends | New Innovation Types
Roland Bel (2012) outlines and explains four types of innovations that have become more and more important since the last decade. These recent inno...
Usage (application) : Open innovation, User Innovation, Value Innovation, Bottom-up Innovation
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How to Think Differently in Innovation?
Strategy is always related with risk, due to market volatility. Also today´s volatility is increasing very fast. So innovate thinking is a must...
Usage (application) : How to Be Innovative, Innovative Thinking
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How to Lead an Innovation Team
In order to become a great innovation team leader, Ram Charan suggests in the article "P&G's Innovation Culture" (strategy+business, Autumn 2008, Issu...
Usage (application) : Best Practices, Innovation Team Management
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Innovating by Reconsidering Value Delivery
When innovating their business model, companies need to reconsider their value proposition from all perspectives. One of the perspectives is how compa...
Usage (application) : Fundamental Innovation
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Creating Organizations to Produce Breakthrough Innovations
Since 50 years, the Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has been very successful in producing an incredible amount of breakth...
Usage (application) : Best Practices, Critical Factors, Creating an Organization to lead Radical Innovation
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How to Design Experiments to Support Decision-making on Strategic Innovations
The probability of success of a major innovation is difficult to assess. Statistics and other datasets only provide information about past beha...
Usage (application) : Strategic Innovation, Strategic Decision-making, Strategic Experimenting, Experiments, Strategic Testing, Innovation Tes
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Classes of Innovation | Sources of Innovation
TWO CLASSES OF INNOVATION
Innovation can be triggered or enabled by two broad classes:
- KNOWLEDGE PUSH: Innovation triggered...
Usage (application) : Innovation, Creativity, Organizational Innovativeness, Lateral Thinking, Out of the Box Thinking, Blue Ocean Strategy
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Why Large Firms are Having Difficulties to Deal with Disruptive Innovations
Christensen explains why many firms, especially large firms, have trouble with adapting and thus with surviving when dealing with external disruptive ...
Usage (application) : Innovation Management
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Big-Bang Disruption
BBD is a term coined by Accenture gurus Larry Drownes and Paul F. Numes.
Technological innovation lately started out from the low-end. Initially ...
Usage (application) : Technological Innovation
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What Makes a Company Innovative?
A futurethink 2006 Innovation Tracker Survey mentions:
- Ability to create a climate that continuously fosters innovation
- Creative think...
Usage (application) : Innovation Best Practices, R&D Best Practices, Corporate Innovation
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Three Critical Capabilities in Developing a Strategic Corporate Disruptive Innovation Competence
Skarzynski and Rufat-Latre (2011) discovered that the successes of disruptive innovators are driven by 3 critical capabilities, which are important le...
Usage (application) : (Disruptive) Innovation Competence, Strategic Innovation Capability, Corporate Strategy, Innovation Leadership
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Predecessor of Christensen
The theory of Disruptive Innovation was actually not created by Christensen. It was described by Thomas Hugues, MIT Press in 1984 in the paper "The Ev...
Usage (application) : Technology-driven Change Theory
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How BOP Countries Can Disrupt Western Markets
After the Second World War, Japan started to develop fast as a result of their disruptive innovation strategy. This disruptive innovation process init...
Usage (application) : Disruptive Innovation, Bottom of the Pyramid, Country-level Strategy
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Designing Complex Products or Systems Through Iterative Rapid-cycle Prototyping
Today, organizations are increasingly developing and designing new and complex products or systems. In other words, the complexity of the design proce...
Usage (application) : Design Thinking, Disruptive Innovation, Blue Ocean Strategy, Introducing Complex Systems, Co-Creation
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Misunderstandings on the Concept of Disruptive Innovations
In their paper “A Reflective Review of Disruptive Innovation Theory”, the authors mention three misunderstandings on the concept of disruptive innovat...
Usage (application) : Technology Innovation
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Why Some Technology Revolutions Take Off and Others Don't
Back in 1962, Thomas Kuhn wrote “Structure of Scientific Revolutions”, in which he suggested that the entrenched interests in an old paradigm will res...
Usage (application) : Adoption of New Technologies
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Geographic Dimension to Explain Disruptive Innovation in Emerging Countries
In the past, it was generally thought that the Western countries were the main sources of innovation while developing countries were seen as recipient...
Usage (application) : Disruptive Innovation in Emerging Countries
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Nouvelles
Disruptive Innovation
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Nouvelles
Rupture Changement
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Vidéos
Disruptive Innovation
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Vidéos
Rupture Changement
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Présentations
Disruptive Innovation
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Présentations
Rupture Changement
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Disruptive Innovation
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Rupture Changement
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Comparez avec : Cycle de Vie de Produit | Douze Principes de l'Economie en Réseau | Modèle de Diffusion de Bass | Dix Ecoles de la Pensée | Stratégie Océan Bleu | Positionnement | Courbe d'Adoption de l'Innovation | Marketing Mix | Oubliez Empruntez Apprenez | Trajectoires de Changement d'Industrie | Co-Création | Définition Tridimensionnelle des Activités
Retour vers la page des disciplines de Management : Changement & Organisation | Vente | Stratégie
Plus de Méthodes, Modèles et Théorie de Management
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