Theory of Mechanistic and Organic Systems[机械/有机系统论]
(Burns, Stalker)

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摘要,论坛,最佳做法,专家提示和信息来源。

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总结

通过机械/有机系统论(Theory of Mechanistic and Organic Systems),Tom Burns和G.M. Stalker提供了一个根据组织外部环境不确定程度来设计组织结构的思路。 在《革新的管理》(The Management of Innovation)一书中,他们对机械式组织系统和有机组织系统的主要特征进行了表述:


 

机械式组织结构与管理系统

有机式组织结构与管理系统

外部条件

较为稳定。

不确定。

任务分配

组织按功能进行划分,各功能单元应对具体的工作任务。

各部门运用专门化的知识和经验合作应对共同的工作任务。

单项任务的特征

单项任务具有抽象的特征,需要专门的技能去完成,并带一定的目的性,而这个目的与全局工作目的有着或多或少的差别。 如,功能部门强调技术手段的提高,而不是以最终完成任务为目的。

单项任务具有“现实的”特征,由全局工作目的所决定。

谁负责定义和改进工作任务

在组织的每一个层级上,都有直接的上级主管进行工作部署、调和,并从而对每一项相关工作负责。

个人工作任务的调整以及重新定义完全是组织成员的个人事务,通过同事之间的交互作用来实现。

任务范围

针对组织的每一个功能角色,都制定有明确的权利、义务及技术方法,等等。

强调权利、义务以及方法等各方面的“责任轮替”,从而避免责任推诿的情况出现。

如何确保工作一致性

将权利、义务和方法转变为每一个功能岗位的责任。

员工的一致性超出任何技术定义,强调个人对组织整体的责任感和忠诚感。

控制、权威和沟通的结构

层级结构、和约式沟通。

网络结构,组织被视为一个利益共同体。

组织知识的存储位置

知识存于组织结构的顶层,并由此强化组织的层级结构。面对具体的工作任务,需要对知识进行重构,并要对知识的相关性进行评估。

知识无所不在。 当下那些带有技术和商业特征的知识可能存在于组织网络内的任何地方。

组织成员之间的沟通

垂直沟通; 即在主管与下属之间。

横向沟通; 即在不同层级的组织成员之间,更似征询意见,而非命令传达。

对运营与工作行为的管理

由主管下达命令和指示。

提供信息和建议,而非命令和指示。

价值

忠诚于组织、服从于领导是作为一个组织成员的起码要求。 强调工作成果和卓越绩效,高于忠诚和服从。

声望

声望扎根于组织内部,重要意义远大于知识、经验与技能。

声望外部化。


参考书: Tom Burns, G.M. Stalker - The Management of Innovation


小组

机械/有机系统论 小组。



小组 (14名成员)

论坛

关于以下内容的论坛讨论:机械/有机系统论。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。


开始一个新的论坛主题关于机械/有机系统论

 

Measuring Organizational Stability
How can we measure organizational stability?...
9
 
Are Organic Organizations More Effective then Mechanistic Organizations?
I think organic organizations are more likely to be effective than mechanistic ones....
8
 
1条评论
Mechanistic Variant: Reduce the Variables
Just because the mechanistic form is widespread that does not mean it is the most effective form for our environment. I suggest another dynamic, equally powerful: people strive to reduce the variable...
8
 
1条评论
Is a Hospital a Mechanistic or an Organic Organization?
How would you characterize a hospital as an organization in terms of Burns & Stalkers typology?...
6
 
3条评论
Closed and Open Systems in an Organization
In organizations, there must be a time for open and a time for closed system. Can these two co-mingle with one another? When is the right moment?...
5
 
1条评论
What is Organizational Stabiltity?
What is organizational stability? Can you give some definition of organizational stability?...
4
 
Aspects of Organizational Philosphy (Dimensions)
Design a method for measuring the organizational philosophy of an organization. What would the various dimensions in it be?...
4
 
1条评论
Factors Causing Organizational Stability
What are the factors effecting organizational stability?...
3
 
1条评论
Community Development and Organising
Are community development and organising allies or rivals?...
3
 
1条评论
No stationary organization
There is no 'stationary' organization; they are all changing in terms of technology, people and professions, market and products, but most importantly, we are all (organizations) changing as the world...
3
 

最佳实践

关于机械/有机系统论的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。


🥇 Obvious or not true after all?
I was reading over this summary of the organic-mechanistic typology of Burns and Stalker, and at first sight it seems simple and logical: the best way to organize a company is contingent upon its envi...
18
 
8条评论

专家提示

关于Mechanistic and Organic Systems(英语)的高级见解。在这里,您将找到专家的专业建议。


Structure your Organization at the Edge of Chaos

Organizational Development
Although chaos theory was discovered decades ago, it only has emerged in recent years as a model for explaining the chao...
信息来源

有关机械/有机系统论的各种信息来源。在这里,您将找到Powerpoint,视频,新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。


Organizations as Organisms

Overview of Management Theories Related to Organizations as Organisms
This presentation briefly explains a range of management theories that are related to seeing organizations as organisms:...

Organizations and Structures

Organizational Structure, Departmentalization, Centralization, Decentralization
Good presentation on Organizational Design. Author: Michael Crandall. First of all the concept of organizations is e...

Self-organising social change

Society, self-organization
The aim of this paper by Christian Fuchs is to outline some foundational aspects of a theory of self-organising social c...

Introduction to Network Organizations

Organizational Forms, Network Organization, Virtual Organization, Communities of Practice
Presentation about Network Organizations. The presentations explains its importance, its supporting factors and compares...

Brief Overview of the Informal Organization

Informal Organization
Presentation that elaborates on the concept of informal organization. The presentation includes the following sections: ...

研究链接

自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源机械/有机系统论。


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