所有关于Brainstorming[头脑风暴法]

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所有关于头脑风暴法

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Brainstorming流程头脑风暴法（Brainstorming）是半结构化创造性的小组活动，常见于专门的企业会议，围绕创新或改善，产生新点子，提出新办法。为了产生尽可能多的点子，小组成员被鼓励就某一具体问题及其解决办法，畅所欲言，提供己见，即便这些主意有可能不会被完全采纳。头脑风暴法的深层思想是：较之个体之和，群体参与能够达到更高的创造性协同水平。

头脑风暴法的规则。

成功头脑风暴研讨会的三个主要规则：

参与者被鼓励提出尽可能多的主意，不管这些主意如何的不可思议（头脑风暴会上没有坏主意）。
在研讨会过程中，不对任何主意（点子）做积极的或消极的评断。
鼓励参与者交换相互想法，实现点子的碰撞与组合，将讨论引往意想不到的方向。

头脑风暴法的提示。

组织成功头脑风暴研讨会的要点：

任命一位经验丰富的主持人（可以考虑组织外部人士）。
指定专人记录下研讨会上产生的所有主意。
运用活动挂图来记录这些主意（有助于最后阶段对所有主意进行研究和评估）。
明确讨论主题（头脑风暴要围绕这一主题展开）。
争取8-10名参与者，如果人数过多，则分开讨论，会后将讨论记录进行汇总。
指定专人记下全部会议内容。
分2步对研讨会产生的主意进行评估： A ：定义评估标准； B ：按标准对每个主意进行逐一打分。
研讨会结束前，讨论并确定优选出来的主意的实施方案。如果它的贯彻执行过程比较复杂，再组织另一个头脑风暴研讨会来讨论它。
阐明研讨会亟待解决的问题，明确讨论中必须遵守的各项原则。
确保研讨会期间对他人主意不做评断，任何批评都有可能导致小组成员不再畅所欲言，这势必会抑制小组成员的创造性，有违头脑风暴研讨会自由思想、畅所欲言的本质。
要鼓励在小组成员之间产生一种热情的、无批判的讨论氛围。
要促使每一名小组成员都踊跃发言，包括鼓励那些沉默寡言的人积极贡献主意。
要让所有参与者都能够感受到头脑风暴的乐趣。
要鼓励小组成员提出尽可能多的主意，既接受中规中矩的实用点子，也欢迎狂放不羁的奇思妙想。
创造性的主意最受欢迎。
避免对某一具体主意或思路展开冗长讨论。
鼓励小组成员对他人提出的主意做进一步阐发，或基于他人主意给出自己独到的新点子。

头脑风暴法的效力。

头脑风暴法在世界范围内被频繁使用，长达70余年，但是对其效用仍有争议。头脑风暴法能够在短时期内产生大量主意，就此而言，它显然是有效的。以小组讨论的形式对现实存在的问题进行评估，确是一种有效的问题解决办法。不过，持相左意见的人士则认为，聪明智慧的个体更容易产生原创的、高质量的主意。

参考书： Michael Michalko - Thinkertoys (A Handbook of Business Creativity) [中译本《思考的玩具：商业创新手册》，新华出版社，2003年] -

参考书： Jason Rich - Brain Storm: Tap into Your Creativity to Generate Awesome Ideas and Remarkable Results -

小组 - 头脑风暴法

小组 (38名成员)

论坛 - 头脑风暴法

关于这个主题的讨论：头脑风暴法。

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最佳实践 - 头脑风暴法

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