Brainstorming[头脑风暴法]

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头脑风暴法（Brainstorming）是半结构化创造性的小组活动，常见于专门的企业会议，围绕创新或改善，产生新点子，提出新办法。 为了产生尽可能多的点子，小组成员被鼓励就某一具体问题及其解决办法，畅所欲言，提供己见，即便这些主意有可能不会被完全采纳。 头脑风暴法的深层思想是：较之个体之和，群体参与能够达到更高的创造性协同水平。

头脑风暴法的规则。

成功头脑风暴研讨会的三个主要规则：

1. 参与者被鼓励提出尽可能多的主意，不管这些主意如何的不可思议（头脑风暴会上没有坏主意）。
2. 在研讨会过程中， 不对任何主意（点子）做积极的或消极的评断。
3. 鼓励参与者交换相互想法，实现点子的碰撞与组合，将讨论引往意想不到的方向。

头脑风暴法的提示。

组织成功头脑风暴研讨会的要点：

• 任命一位经验丰富的主持人 （可以考虑组织外部人士）。
• 指定专人记录下研讨会上产生的所有主意。
• 运用活动挂图来记录这些主意 （有助于最后阶段对所有主意进行研究和评估）。
• 明确讨论主题（头脑风暴要围绕这一主题展开）。
• 争取8-10名参与者， 如果人数过多，则分开讨论，会后将讨论记录进行汇总。
• 指定专人记下全部会议内容。
• 分2步对研讨会产生的主意进行评估： A ： 定义评估标准； B ： 按标准对每个主意进行逐一打分。
• 研讨会结束前，讨论并确定优选出来的主意的实施方案。 如果它的贯彻执行过程比较复杂，再组织另一个头脑风暴研讨会来讨论它。
• 阐明研讨会亟待解决的问题，明确讨论中必须遵守的各项原则。
• 确保研讨会期间对他人主意不做评断， 任何批评都有可能导致小组成员不再畅所欲言， 这势必会抑制小组成员的创造性，有违头脑风暴研讨会自由思想、畅所欲言的本质。
• 要鼓励在小组成员之间产生一种热情的、无批判的讨论氛围。
• 要促使每一名小组成员都踊跃发言，包括鼓励那些沉默寡言的人积极贡献主意。
• 要让所有参与者都能够感受到头脑风暴的乐趣。
• 要鼓励小组成员提出尽可能多的主意， 既接受中规中矩的实用点子，也欢迎狂放不羁的奇思妙想。
• 创造性的主意最受欢迎。
• 避免对某一具体主意或思路展开冗长讨论。
• 鼓励小组成员对他人提出的主意做进一步阐发，或基于他人主意给出自己独到的新点子。

头脑风暴法的效力。

头脑风暴法在世界范围内被频繁使用，长达70余年，但是对其效用仍有争议。 头脑风暴法能够在短时期内产生大量主意，就此而言，它显然是有效的。 以小组讨论的形式对现实存在的问题进行评估，确是一种有效的问题解决办法。 不过，持相左意见的人士则认为，聪明智慧的个体更容易产生原创的、高质量的主意。

参考书： Michael Michalko - Thinkertoys (A Handbook of Business Creativity) [中译本《思考的玩具：商业创新手册》，新华出版社，2003年]

参考书： Jason Rich - Brain Storm: Tap into Your Creativity to Generate Awesome Ideas and Remarkable Results

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最佳实践 关于头脑风暴法的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 Start Brainstorming Process Individually, Then Move to Group Process When people work as a group to brainstorm it limits novelty to start as a group to early. People censor what they believ... 37   21条评论 Tips to Prepare a Brainstorming Session A good method to open the mind and stimulate creative thinking is to start with asking a simple question like "What can ... 29   2条评论 Do a Brainstorm Session to Make (or Prepare for) Major Decisions It is adviseable to conduct a branstorm session before any big project for an effective decision making. In my long year... 17   42条评论 Conditions for Brainstorming A good brainstorming session is possible only if all the participants are: 1. Respecting each other and 2. Fol... 16   6条评论 Store your Brainstorming Ideas - They May be of Use Later During brainstorming sessions, varied thoughts come out of the team which can be co related to "ideas" captured earlier.... 13   9条评论 Electronic Brainstorming (E-Brainstorming) Who has any experiences to share on Electronic Brainstorming? Under what circumstances would you recommend using it?... 12   3条评论 How to Use Affinity Diagrams (KJ Diagrams) in Brainstorming I have been using the Affinity Diagram method for a long time now and this has proven to be a hit when it comes to selec... 12   3条评论 Use Six Thinking Hats to Structure Brainstorming Sessions I suggest using the Six Thinking Hats method to organize thinking in a brainstorming session: 1. Start by wearing a... 10   5条评论 Combine Brainstorming with Cause and Effect Diagram (Ishikawa) I find that combining Brainstorming with a Cause and Effect Diagram (Ishikawa) helps to generate ideas while the structu... 7   3条评论 Network Brainstorming (via Internet) Network brainstorming (on the Internet) (electronic brainstorming) is as a process much more difficult than the traditio... 5   3条评论

专家提示 关于Brainstorming（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 What to do if your Brainstorm Process Got Stuck? Brainstorming session did not provided enough good ideas� Also refered to as: 'Negative Brainstorming'. You reword the problem to how to create it, and then work towards the solu... Variations of Brainstorming Creative thinking, Decision-making, Brainwriting, Nominal Group Technique, Group Passing Technique, Team Idea Mapping * Brainwriting / Nominal Group Technique: This technique can be used to ensure that each participant has an equal say i... Evaluating Ideas Checklist to Evaluate Ideas Princeton Creativity Research has developed the following 12 steps checklist to accurately evaluate ideas: 1) Have you c... Group Composition for Successful Brainstorming Make sure that the participants in the group do not think alike. Have different personality types in the session. Brai... The Advantages of Group Decision-Making Group Decision-Making The benefits of group decision-making include: - Synergy: Group decisions tend to combine and improve on the knowledge... The Disadvantages of Group Decision-Making Group Decision-Making The drawbacks of group decision-making include: - Longer time frame: Groups generally need more time to make decisions ... The Paradox of Brainstorming Rules and No Rules Sadly, in most organisations that I have consulted to or worked in the managers leading brainstorms have not actually co... Determining the Relevance of Ideas Brainstorming When you need to distinguish what is relevant from what is not, it can be useful sometimes to start understanding and li... Problems with Group Brainstorming. Resolutions Group Creative Thinking, Group Brainstorming, Group Decision-making Empirical research has shown that group brainstorming is only about half as effective as individual brainstorming due to... Advantages of Brainstorming Creative thinking, Decision-m. * Facilitates the generation of innovative ideas and improvements, as well as the finding of unusual solutions to proble... Increasing the Quality of the Ideas in Brainstorming Better Brainstorming In order to generate better ideas from your brainstorming sessions, Kevin P. Coyne and Shawn T. Coyne ("Seven Steps to B... Meeting Types: Proposing Something New or Building on Another Idea? Brainstorm Meeting Types There's a relationship between two initiating behaviors and meeting success, namely, Proposing � putting forward new ide... Brainstorming Sensitive Issues / Brainstorming Avoiding Groupthink Brainstorming Variants, Brainstorming Cardstorming is a creativity tool, similar to Brainstorming, allowing people to share ideas. It can be used as an altern... Affinity Diagram Technique Structuring Brainstorming Affinity diagrams offer a special way of structuring brainstorming sessions. This technique allows groups of employees t... Disadvantages of Brainstorming Creative thinking, Decision-m. * Very dependent on the contribution of the participants. * Most of the resolutions are very often unusable (more than... The Role of Diversity in Personal Traits on Innovation and Innovativeness Innovation, Increasing Organizational Innovativeness New research by Hewlett, Marshall and Sherbin proves that diversity (of personal and team traits) drives innovation and ...

信息来源 有关头脑风暴法的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Brainstorming: a Creative Problem Solving Instrument Teaching Brainstorming, Conducting a Brainstorm Session Clear presentation about the concept of Brainstorming, by H. Bal�ckov�, including the following sections: 1. Concept of... Creative Thinking Techniques and Creative Problem Solving Methodologies Creativity, Innovation Management This presentation elaborates on the concept of creative thinking. It pays particular attention to the multiple methodolo... Generating Ideas: Concept Generation Methods Idea Generation, Brainstorming, 6-3-5 Method, Brain-writing, Theory of Incentive Problem Solving, TIPS, TRIZ This presentation about idea generation provides a clear description of an idea generating process. The presentation in... Individual Decision Making and Group Decision Making Decision Making Process, Groupthink, Decision Making Styles, Vroom-Yetton Method Presentation about Decision Making by groups and individuals. The presentation includes the following sections: 1. Know... Increasing Group Participation: The 3 I's of Participation Increase Participation in Groups (Workshops, Trainings, Project Teams) Steve Davis explains his model to increase Group Participation. There are three types of participation: 1. Physical ... Brainstorming Diagram Brainstorming Download and edit this 12manage PowerPoint graphic for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing in ...

研究链接 自动跳入有关以下内容的其他有用资源头脑风暴法。 新闻 视频 简报 书比人好 学术的 更多

比较：  Groupthink[团体迷思]  |  Spiral of Silence[沉默的螺旋]  |  Cause and Effect Diagram[因果图]  |  Mind Mapping[心智图法]  |  Six Thinking Hats[六项思考帽]  |  Belbin Team Roles[贝尔宾团队角色]  |  Metaplan[元规划]  |  Stage-gate[阶段-关卡流程]  |  Scenario Planning[情境规划]  |  Game Theory[博奕论]  |  Root Cause Analysis[根本原因分析]  |  Dialectical Inquiry[辩证探询法]  |  Analogical Strategic Reasoning[战略类推]  |  Theory of Constraints[约束理论]  |  Force Field Analysis[力场分析法]  |  Catalytic Mechanisms[催化机制]  |  Johari Window[乔哈里资讯窗]  |  Delphi Method[德尔菲法]  |  Pyramid Principle[金字塔原则]  |  Value Engineering[价值工程]

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