Réingénierie des Processus de Gestion
(BPR)

Centre de Connaissances

La méthode de Réingénierie des processus de gestion (Business Process Reengineering) ou BPR est décrite par Hammer et Champy comme « la remise en cause fondamentale et la reconception radicale des processus organisationnels, afin de réaliser des améliorations spectaculaires de performances courantes sur les coûts, les services et la rapidité ».

Plutôt que d'organiser une société en spécialités fonctionnelles (comme la production, la comptabilité, le marketing, etc.) et pour regarder les tâches que chaque fonction réalise, Hammer et Champy recommandent que nous regardions les processus complets. De l'acquisition de matériaux, en passant par la production, vers le marketing et la distribution. On devrait reconstruire la société comme une série de processus.
 

La création de valeur pour le client est le facteur principal du BPR et les technologies de l'information jouent souvent un rôle déterminant. Comparez : Marketing Relationnel

Michael Hammer et James Champy

Les principaux partisans de la réingénierie étaient Michael Hammer et James Champy. Dans une série de livres comprenant "Reengineering the Corporation", "Reengineering Management", et "The Agenda", ils démontrent que trop de temps est perdu à passer les tâches d'un département à l'autre. Ils affirment qu'il est bien plus efficace de constituer une équipe qui réalise toutes les tâches d'un processus.

Une approche en cinq phases de la Réingénierie des processus de gestion (BPR)

Davenport (1992) prescrit une approche en cinq étapes du modèle de Réingénierie des processus de gestion :

1. Développez la vision des activités et les objectifs des processus : La méthode du BPR est conduite par une vision des activités qui implique des objectifs spécifiques tels que la réduction des coûts, réduction de délai, amélioration de la qualité des produits en sortie.
2. Identifiez les processus d'activité à reconcevoir : la plupart des sociétés emploient l'approche « à haute impression » qui se focalise sur les processus les plus importants ou ceux qui sont le plus en conflit avec la vision de l'activité. Un petit nombre de sociétés emploient « l'approche approfondie » qui tente d'identifier tout les processus d'une entreprise puis de les prioriser par ordre d'urgence de reconception.
3. Comprenez et mesurez les processus existants : pour éviter la répétition de vieilles erreurs et pour fournir un socle de base pour de futures améliorations. Comparez : Organisation Scientifique du Travail
4. Identifier les leviers technologiques : la conscience des possibilités des NTIC (Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication) qui peuvent et devraient influencer le BPR.
5. Concevez et élaborez un prototype du nouveau processus : la conception actuelle ne devrait pas être regardée comme la fin du processus BPR. Plutôt, elle devrait être regardé comme un prototype, avec des itérations successives. La métaphore du prototype aligne l'approche de Réingénierie des processus de gestion (BPR) avec des résultats rapides , la participation et la satisfaction des clients.

Comme 6ème phase additionnelle à la méthode de BPR, parfois vous trouvez : Adapter la structure de l'organisation, et le modèle de gouvernance, vers le tout nouveau processus primaire conçu.

Des circonstances génériques qui influencent si le BPR est recommandé

Bien qu'il soit difficile de donner des conseils génériques à ce sujet, quelques facteurs peuvent être considérés :

• La concurrence surpasse-t-elle clairement l'entreprise ? Comparez : Gestion de Redressement (Turnaround Management)
• Y a-t-il beaucoup de conflits dans l'organisation ?
• Y a-t-il une fréquence extrêmement forte des réunions ?
• Utilisation excessive de la communication non structurée ? (notes, email, etc.)
• Est-il possible de prendre en compte une approche plus continue de l'accroissement progressif des améliorations ? (voir : Kaizen).

Critiques de l'approche BPR

La ré-ingénierie s'est forgée une mauvaise réputation parce que de tels projets ont souvent eu comme conséquence des licenciements massifs. Malgré la mode qui a entouré l'introduction de la Réingénierie des processus de gestion (BPR), partiellement dû au fait que les auteurs du "Reengineering the Corporation" ont délibérément acheté d'énormes quantités d'exemplaires pour figurer au sommet de la liste des best-sellers, la méthode n'a pas entièrement tenu ses promesses. Les raisons principales semblent être les suivantes :

• Le BPR suppose que le facteur limitant la performance de l'organisation est l'inefficacité de ses processus. Ceci peut, ou pas être toujours vrai. En outre le BPR n'offre aucun moyen de valider cette supposition.
• Le BPR part de la nécessité de commencer le processus d'amélioration des performances avec « une ardoise propre », c.-à-d. négligeant totalement le status quo.
• Le BPR ne fournit pas une manière efficace de concentrer les efforts d'amélioration sur les contraintes de l'organisation. (Comme fait par Goldratt dans Théorie des Contraintes).
• Parfois, voir souvent, un changement progressif et incrémental (tel que dans la méthode Kaizen) peut être une meilleure approche.
• Le BPR est culturellement déformé par la manière de pensée Américaine. (voir : Dimensions Culturelles)

BPR comparé à la méthode Kaizen

Quand la méthode Kaizen est comparé à celle du BPR, il est clair que la philosophie Kaizen est plus orientée vers les personnes, plus facile à mettre en oeuvre, mais exige de la discipline sur le long terme et fournit seulement un changement à petit pas. L'approche de la Réingénierie des processus de gestion (BPR) en revanche est plus dure, orientée vers les technologies, il en résulte un changement radical mais qui exige des qualifications considérables en gestion du changement.

Livre : Hammer and Champy - Reengineering the Corporation

Livre : Davenport - Process Innovation

Forum Discussions du forum sur Réingénierie des Processus d'Affaires. Ci-dessous, vous pouvez poser une question sur ce sujet, partager vos expériences, signaler un nouveau développement ou expliquer quelque chose. Commencer un nouveau sujet sur Réingénierie des Processus d'Affaires Partagez vos connaissances ici (ou posez une question)   Costs of BPR - Any ideas? Hoping that someone can point to some reference providing info on how much a BPR activity would cost -- some percentage of overhead expenses??... 67   3 commentaires Maintaining the Quality of a BPR Programme How can quality be maintained during a BPR inititiative?... 12   1 commentaires Business Process Reengineering = People In BPR the people are the process and they are central to the success of any innovative change.... 9   2 commentaires Transition to a Paperless Office: Best Practices The "Paperless Office" has been a buzz word in office culture for 3-4 decades now. More and more organizations and departments within organizations are attempting to go paperless. It is likely that Co... 9   3 commentaires Business Process Reengineering and Downsizing Why should BPR proceed downsizing?... 8   3 commentaires Public Sector BPR Through E-Governance Initiatives In the public sector field of a government like India, implementing a 100% BPR would be difficult. Because the waste processes & positions identified out of such exercises would be of greater portion ... 6   3 commentaires BPR is not an End, but a Means BPR is not an end, it is a means to an end.... 6   1 commentaires BPR needs Positive Thinking BPR doesn't need a special management skill, rather it needs positive thinking and a changing way of thinking.... 5   2 commentaires The Role of AI in BPR What do you think is the role of Artificial Intelligence (big data, self-learning software, digital networks, algorithms) in Business Process Reengineering? Is it a catalyst or does it replace BP... 4   1 commentaires Cases and Causes of BPR Failure / BPR Disasters Hello, I'm doing research on BPR failure cases. Unfortunately, I can't find any cases to illustrate my research. Could you please tell me where I can find this kind of cases? Thank you in ad... 3   5 commentaires Is BPR Helping ERP or is ERP Helping BPR? I am a PhD student and my area is BPR. I just want to know your expert opinion (just general) regarding the relationship of BPR and ERP. It is a fact that BPR uses technology for efficiency howev... 3   7 commentaires Business Process Reengineering in Agriculture How to start BPR from clean sheet for large and very old agri industry? Any effective guide line? Thank You!... 2   2 commentaires BPR Maturity Level Assessment for Completed Project and Project Proposal I am writing a dissertation on measuring the maturity level of projects under the BPR umbrella: 1. Completed project (in construction sector) 2. Completed proposal (for an ERP system) I... 2   1 commentaires

Meilleures Pratiques Les sujets les mieux notés sur Réingénierie des Processus d'Affaires. Vous trouverez ici les idées les plus précieuses et des suggestions pratiques. Quotes on Business Process Reengineering Do you know some deep, famous or funny quotes on Business Process Reengineering? Quotations? Proverbs? Please share them as a reaction to this posting and mention the author. To get started, here's my... 100   4 commentaires What Knowledge is Required for BPR? The underlying assumption on BPR presented in this article is "task completion through unified team effort". But how is this possible in the practical business world? There aren't any group of me... 43   1 commentaires Mental Transformation Required to Implement Business Process Reengineering BPR is a tool for making a fundamental, radical & dramatical change but what is most important is the mental transformation required to implement it. I believe if we understand it we can bring a revo... 40   1 commentaires BPR is needed in Ethiopia I believe BPR is an important change management tool. It is a radical tool. You can't help or solve all the bureacratic mess created on customers with any other tools - be it Kaizen , TQM, etc. ... 23   11 commentaires The Role of HR in Business Process Reengineering (BPR) We already know BPR is not about IT only. But I'd like to find out what can or should be the role of HRM (Human Resource Management) in effective BPR implementations? Thanks for sharing your thou... 20   26 commentaires ERP and Business Process Reengineering Business process reengineering involves radically changing the status quo to fulfil customer's expectation and keep them coming back. This involves change management thinking and implementation of org... 20   7 commentaires Cases of Successful BPR Implementation / BPR Success Stories Can you point out companies who were successful in BPR implementation? And what is the success rate of these projects? I am currently doing my thesis on this topic. Any assistance would be apprec... 20   1 commentaires Faster and more Flexible than BPR - Alternative Approaches? Is there any other alternative to BPR? Something that is more flexible, faster and with less work than BPR.... 16   9 commentaires BPR Works only Top-Down I am a BPR envangelist and in my experience BPR is only effective if it starts from the top, i.e. when senior managers accept the challenge to first revamp their mental models of management before the... 14   4 commentaires Is BPR Useful for Small Companies (SMEs)? Can BPR be used in small and middle size companies as well?... 14   7 commentaires Reward Management During Business Reengineering More often than not, Kenyan organizations in need of adapting to changes in the competitive business environment fail to satisfy the needs of the diverse groups of employees within the company. Many e... 11   5 commentaires Alignment of BPR and IT Solution Approach I am conducting research as part of a Masters degree on the combination of business process change methodologies i.e. radical and continuous improvement and IT solution approach such as Commerical Of ... 10   7 commentaires BPR supported by TQM After we implement BPR on the ground we should use TQM as a continuous improvement tool or cal it Kaizen or other tools to maintain the system and satisfy the "moving target" customers needs.... 9   4 commentaires BPR in agricultural research? Is BPR applicable for the agricultural research sector? Is there anyone in the world who can share me the experience how to reengineer the agricultural research system?... 9   3 commentaires Developing a Standard Framework for BPR After reviewing literature, I think that there exists no standard process of BPR. Every company redesigns its processes in its own way. I believe different cultures, strategies and organizational... 8   3 commentaires Personal Business Process Reengineering? Would anyone help me with one doubt here, can the concept of BPR be implemented in anyone’s personal life to have a radical change? Or is BPR specifically for business need only?... 8   5 commentaires

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BPR Guidelines by Hammer BPR Implementation Best Practices MIT Professor Michael Hammer has been identified as the pioneer of the BPR concept. In his earlier perspective, BPR con... How to Re-engineer the Process Flow? Guidelines and Ideas for Process Redesign The process flow re-engineering phase in BPR cannot be standardized and summarized in a checklist since there are no fix... Leadership Strategies for Change Initiate, implement, develop and sustain change In response to the high rate of change failure, Ken Blanchard and his team have developed the Blanchard Leading Through ... Using Appreciative Inquiry to Improve Business Processes Alternate Approach Organizations focusing on developing their processes may use the appreciative process to improve them. They can apply ... Innovating Bottom-up or Top-down Corporate Innovation Approaches I just read an interesting article by professor Deschamps on encouraging innovation within large organizations. Deschamp... 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Comparison TQM and BPR | Comparing Total Quality Management versus Business Process Reengineering Learn form the Differences... Compare TQM and BPR: Similarities in TQM and BPR: - Both TQM and BPR are customer-oriented. They both aim on im... Supply Chain Processes to Consider Business Process Redesign, Supply Chain Management Critical value chain activities where various process components are typically scattered across several functional depar... Business Processes by Focus Area BPM Categories, BPM Types, BPM Classification Depending on their focus, we can distinguish 4 types of business processes: - Integration intensive: Strong focus on au... Types of Change. Classification Change Management, Organizational Change, Expected/Unexpected Change, Incremental/Radical Change Organizational change varies along at least to dimensions (expected-unexpected and incremental-radical) and can be manag... Davenport's BPR Approach BPR Implementation Hammer's and Champy's original BPR concept, testified in their numerous publications, has been lately developed and miti... How to Lead an Innovation Team Best Practices, Innovation Team Management In order to become a great innovation team leader, Ram Charan suggests in the article "P&G's Innovation Culture" (strate... Process Analysis and Diagnosis Techniques and Tools BPR, Business Process Modeling Process Analysis and Process Diagnosis can be considered as one single concept, although some differences have been unde... Remember to Focus your Improvement Efforts? Achieve More With Less, Kaizen, BPR, JIT, Lean, Value Chain Very often organizations consider continuous improvement as committing on improvement efforts, and thus creating project... The Role of IT in Business Process Reengineering BPR, IT Information technology (IT) plays an important role in Business Process Reengineering (BPR). It is considered to be a ma... The Process Vision Process Approaches, Organizational Development, Organizational Change A business process is a set of interrelated activities targeted at a defined and measurable result that adds value to th... Typical Improvements by Leveraging Information Technology BPR, IT Business Process Reengineering is considered a key tool for improving the efficiency of an organization in accordance wi... The Human Factor in BPR and Continuous Improvement The Attitude of People is Key In their book “Learning Organizations: Knowledge Management Theories, Models and Case Studies”, Italian F. Azzariti and ...

Sources d'Information Diverses sources d'informations sur Réingénierie des Processus d'Affaires. Vous trouverez ici des powerpoints, des vidéos, des actualités, etc. à utiliser dans vos propres conférences et ateliers. In-depth Overview of Business Process Reengineering BPR Introduction Business Process Reengineering Comprehensive presentation about Business-Process Reengineering (BPR) with government example. Each section includes mul... Business Process Management and Improvement: Six Sigma, BPR and (R)Evolutionary Change Process Management, process Improvement, Business Process Reengineering, BPR, Six Sigma Presentation about process management, particularly process modeling simulation and design. The presentation focuses on ... Paperless Workplaces: Reasons, Practices and Difficulties Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Sustainability, Paperless Office This presentation elaborates on the creation of paperless workplaces in the digital age, and includes the following sect... How Businesses can Use Information Technology (IT) in Strategic Ways Strategic Management, Information Technology This presentation looks at Information Technology from a strategic point of view. In other words, it discusses in what w... 22 Best Practices in Change Management Change Management, Organizational Change Presentation starts with short introduction of managing organizational change and then outlines 22 best practices in cha... BPR Implementation in Europe BPR, Change Management This 2006 paper analyses Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) implementation in 20 European firms. In contrast with the... Introduction to Service Management Initial Understanding of the Difference Between Service Management and Systems Management In this video five several IBM experts give their views on Service Management and the difference with Systems Management... Interview Hammer: Why Business Process Redesign? Introduction. The Case / Main Reasons for BPR The Business Process Reengineering method (BPR) is described by Hammer and Champy as the fundamental reconsideration and... The IRSPNID Framework for BPR A Framework you can Use for Business Process Re-engineering A Business Process Re-engineering scenario could surface because of various situations like: 1. The credibility of the ... BPR Diagram Business Process Reengineering Download and edit this 12manage PowerPoint graphic for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing in ... 3-Minute Summary of BPR Initial Understanding of Business Process Reengineering BPR is the fundamental rethinking and transformation of an integrated set of business processes to improve the efficienc...

Liens de Recherche Aller à plus de sources de recherche liées à Réingénierie des Processus d'Affaires. Nouvelles Vidéos Présentations   Livres Académique Plus

Comparez le BPR avec :   Externalisation  |  Phases du Changement  |  Théorie des Catastrophes  |  Organisation Organique  |  Théorie du Noyau Dur  |  Enquête d'Appréciation  |  Déviance Positive  |  Oubliez Empruntez Apprenez  |  Théorie du Comportement Planifié  |  Analyse du Champ de Force  |  Kaizen  |  Ingénierie de la Valeur  |  Cartographie des Flux de Valeur  |  Gestion du changement  |  Six Approches du Changement  |  Gestion par la Valeur  |  Dimensions du Changement  |  Huit Attributs de l'Excellence de Gestion  |  Cinq Disciplines  |  Dix Principes de Reinvention  |  Les Quatorze Points de Gestion de Deming  |  Stratégie Océan Bleu  |  Bas de la Pyramide

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