OODA Loop[包以德循环]
(John Boyd)

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OODA 循环中的OODA是观察（Oberve）、调整（Orient）、决策（Decide）以及行动（Act）的英文缩写，它是信息战领域的一个概念。OODA循环的发明人是美国陆军上校约翰·包以德（1927-1997），因而又被称为包以德循环。 尽管包以德循环的发明纯粹是军事目的，但是这一理论同样能够应用于残酷的商战。 包以德凭借他战斗飞行员的经验和对动力机动性的研究，发明了这一理论。 最初，他运用OODA循环来阐述的是空对空的飞行搏击中克敌制胜的战术，但是，在他职业生涯的最后几年，他把OODA循环阐发为一种战略，一种让敌人心理瘫痪的战略。

包以德强调，任何战略都应该着眼于改变和影响敌手的行为，而不是消灭其军事力量。 包以德的理论和中国古代的军事家、《兵法》的作者孙子的军事思想无疑有异曲同工之妙。 在他们所主张的军事斗争策略中，都包含有这样的内容：协调作战、兵不厌诈、动如脱兔、行云流水、攻其不备、一招制胜、上兵伐谋。

包以德视敌人（也包括自己）为由决策流程所控制的运动系统， 这一决策过程完全依赖于对周围环境的观察。 敌人通常会不断观察（Observe）周围环境，获取相关的外部信息，根据感知到的外部威胁，及时调整（Orient）系统，做出应对决策（Decide），并采取相应行动（Act）。 包以德指出，“调整”（Orientation）步骤在整个OODA循环中最为关键，因为如果敌人对外界威胁判断有误，或者对于周围的环境理解错误，那么必将导致方向调整错误，最终做出错误决策。 包以德认为，敌、我的这一决策循环过程的速度显然有快慢之分。 己方的目标应该是，率先完成一个OODA循环，然后迅速采取行动，干扰、延长、打断敌人的OODA循环。 其中，有一种战术是，进入并操控敌人的OODA循环系统，使敌人对于外界变化无力做出任何反应。

Chart adapted from Chester W. Richards, "A Swift, Elusive Sword: What if Sun Tzu and John Boyd did a National Defense review", Center for Defense Information, February 2003, 22.

包以德说，现实当中有很多种办法来延长敌人的OODA循环。 包以德的想法是，通过隐晦、诡计、奇兵、机动等手段，以及孙子的“正合”与“奇胜”战术，将敌人置于一个“无力合作”的重力中心。 通过隔绝敌人的重力中心，并在其系统内部制造猜疑、紧张、摩擦，使其“无力合作”，最终瘫痪、土崩瓦解。 此外，攻心战术的另一个作用还在于，敌人的士气和决策过程将被摧毁。

参考书： Sun Tzu， Gary Gagliardi - The Art of War[《孙子兵法：中国智慧之海》，北京大学出版社，1995；《孙子兵法：世界第一兵书》，台湾典藏阁，2003]

参考书： Carl Von Clausewitz - On War [中译本《战争论》，解放军出版社，2000]

论坛 关于以下内容的论坛讨论：包以德循环。您可以在下方提出有关此主题的问题、分享您的经验、报告新的发展或解释一些事情。 开始一个新的论坛主题关于包以德循环 在这里分享您的知识（或提出问题）   OODA & Adaptive Enterprise I was surprised not to see anything about Stephan Haeckel's Adaptive Enterprise concept, advanced in late 1990s. He was head of IBM's Advanced Business Institute and now runs a consulting company focu... 12   OODA Loop & John Boyd Orientation also involves probing for new information and looking for parallels in other areas of knowledge. It is extremely effective in emotionally charged situations like divorce. Boyd�s strategy t... 11   1条评论 OODA Loop versus PDSA Cycle Boyd's OODA Loop and Deming's PDSA Cycle appear to be similar at first sight. And indeed there are several similarities between OODA and PDSA. They include: Think before you act. Cyclic natur... 5   3条评论 Crucial Dialogue Model Refines OODA Loop The OODA loop is not new� It is as old as mankind (otherwise we wouldn�t be here). The foundation of the �OODA loop� and more of these loops (�PDCA� as already mentioned) is the Creative Interchange ... 4   4条评论 Books on Boyd and his OODA Concept 'The Mind of War' and 'The John Boyd Roundtable' are some other books talking about Boyd theories and the OODA Loop concept. The best biography about Boyd is by Robert Coram named 'Boyd: The Fighter ... 4   1条评论 OODA Loop in Education / Schools Can anyone illustrate the use of OODA Loop in any school situation?... 4   2条评论 Scope of OODA Loops John Boyd's work focused on getting inside of your opponents decision cycle time. There was no specification as to whether this was only the fractions of a second required for a fighter pilot or the m... 2

最佳实践 关于包以德循环的最高评价的讨论主题。在这里你会找到最有价值的思路和切实可行的建议。 🥇 The Lesson of John Boyd for Decision Makers You can use the "OODA Loop" of fighter pilot John Boyd for various kinds of decision-making in different situations and circumstances, including non-military, corporate, departmental, and team environ... 24   8条评论

专家提示 关于OODA Loop（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 Weaknesses of OODA-Loop. Disadvantages Limitations OODA Loop, Disadvantages OODA Loop, OODA Decision-making Rousseau and Breton identify some limitations of the OODA Loop as developed by Boyd. These limitations and weaknesses ar... An Improved Version of the OODA-loop with Feedback and -forward Loops OODA-loop, Complex Decision Support, Defense, Best Practices Rousseau and Breton developed an extended version of the OODA-loop in order to remove some of its weaknesses. M-OODA (sh... Boyd's 3 Levels of Warfare Warfare, Competition Boyd divided warfare into three distinct levels: MORALE WARFARE: the destruction of the enemy's will to win, disrup... Strategy and Strategic Aim of Boyd's OODA OODA Strategy, OODA Strategic Aim, OODA Purpose What is the strategy and the strategic aim behind his OODA loop? Strategy: Penetrate adversary�s moral-mental-physical... Advantages of a Better OODA Loop Than your Competitors OODA Advantages, OODA Competitive Advantages According to Boyd, the key to victory is to be able to create situations wherein one can make appropriate decisions more... Grand Tactics Behind OODA Enemy View Adversary View of OODA, OODA Adversaries John Boyd's thinking was aimed at running the loop Observe-Orient-Decide-Act more inconspicuously, more quickly, and wit... Cycle the OODA Loop Quickly OODA Loop, OODA Cycle, OODA Feedback Keep in mind that you have to cycle through the OODA Loop fast. A key idea behind it is that you should not stay in any...

信息来源 有关包以德循环的各种信息来源。在这里，您将找到Powerpoint，视频，新闻等可用于您自己的讲座和讲习班。 Full 200-slide Powerpoint Presentation by Boyd Strategy, Conflict, OODA Loop A monumental look by Boyd at what makes any organization competitive. Encompassing 2,500 years of the history of confl... A Cognitive Version of the OODA Loop Complex (Military) Dynamic Decision Support The OODA loop has been proposed to represent the decision cycle of pilots in air force environments. One of the advantag... OODA Loop Applied to Marketing Management Decision-making, Information Video about at how Boyd's OODA loop construct can be applied to marketing management. Video looks a bit outdated, but th... The Dynamic OODA Loop OODA, Decision-making, Warfare In-depth paper by Berndt Brehmer on the Dynamic OODA loop, or DOODA loop for short, a generic model of Command and Contr... OODA Loop Diagram Competitive Intelligence Download and edit this 12manage PowerPoint graphic for limited personal, educational and business use. Republishing in ... Orientation Step in the OODA-loop Orientation Phase, OODA-Loop This presentation expands on the second point in the OODA-loop, the Orientation phase. The presentation starts with a ge...

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