7-Ps или Extended Marketing Mix (Расширенный Маркетинг-микс) Booms и Bitner один из инструментов маркетинговой стратегии, который расширяет число контролируемых переменных от 4 в первоначальной модели Marketing Mix (Маркетинг-микс) до 7.
Применение Extended Marketing Mix (Расширенный Маркетинг-микс)
Традиционная модель Маркетинг-микс была, главным образом, ориентирована на и полезна для материальных продуктов. Модель 7-Ps более полезна для сферы услуг и, вероятно, также для наукоемких отраслей.
3 дополнительных P
Booms и Bitner's добавили 3 дополнительные P к первоначальному маркетинг-микс:
- Люди (People): Все люди, прямо или косвенно задействованные в процессе потребления сервисных услуг, важная составляющая часть расширенного маркетинг-микс. Cпециалисты в области анализа и обработки информации, сотрудники, менеджмент и другие потребители часто добавляют значительную потребительскую ценность к общему продукту или сервисному предложению.
- Процесс (Process): Процедура, механизмы и последовательность операций в процессе потребления сервисных услуг (процессы управления клиентом) - необходимые элементы маркетинговой стратегии.
- Физическое основание (Physical Evidence): Способность и среда предоставления сервисных услуг. Как материальных товаров, которые способствуют коммуникации и выполнению услуг, так и нематериального опыта существующих клиентов и способность бизнеса экстраполировать потребительскую удовлетворенность на потенциальных клиентов.
Первые два дополнительные P очевидны (Люди, Процесс), третье (Физическое основание) является подразумеваемым фактором.
Booms и Bitner также допускают, что Место (Place) в компании, ориентированной на сервис, включает доступность сервисных услуг, а Продвижение (Promotion) в компании, ориентированной на сервис, включает вклад персонала по работе с клиентами.
Книга: Nirmalya Kumar - Marketing As Strategy
Книга: David A. Aaker - Strategic Marketing Management
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