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![Benchmarking[标杆分析]例子](images/picture_benchmarking_example.gif) 标杆分析（Benchmarking）是用来衡量组织的流程、活动是否达到了最佳实践水平的系统管理工具。 标杆分析模型在对SBU、部门、组织或公司的同类比较中非常有用，通过比较可以得知组织到底表现如何。 所谓标杆（Benchmark）就是测量的参照点。 “标杆”这一术语大抵上来源于工作中的测量实践，即以刻度尺为工具，以工作台的水平面为基准，来测量工作台上物体的空间高度。
商业上的标杆分析与Kaizen[改善]和Competitive Advantage[竞争优势]有关。
标杆分析的运用。 优点
传统上，绩效表现的比较停留在对同一组织不同时期的绩效进行比较， 虽然这一比较能够反映出组织的提高发展速度，但是，组织发展的同时，它的竞争对手可能发展得更快，而这一点传统绩效度量法无从反映。
标杆分析的五个类型
- 内部标杆分析（Internal Benchmarking）对同一组织内的不同事业单元进行标杆分析
- 竞争标杆分析（Competitive Benchmarking） 与竞争对手的绩效、流程进行标杆分析
- 功能标杆分析（Functional Benchmarking） 与行业内部的相似业务流程进行标杆分析
- 一般标杆分析（Generic Benchmarking） 与无关联行业的运营进行标杆分析
- 联合标杆分析（Collaborative Benchmarking） 在组织集团的成员间联合进行标杆分析，如对某一跨国公司在不同国家的分支机构进行标杆分析
标杆分析的步骤
- 定义范围
- 选择标杆伙伴
- 确定测量方法、单位、指标和数据收集方法
- 收集数据
- 分析差距
- 陈述结果，讨论牵连含义/提高领域/具体目标
- 制定提高方案
- 监控提高过程，计划新的标杆分析
标杆分析的成本
标杆分析需要相当大的投入，尽管许多公司都认为投入是值得的。 标杆分析的三项典型成本是：
- 访问成本 - 包括住宿费用、旅行费用、餐饮费用、礼品费用以及损失的劳动成本。
- 时间成本 - 标杆分析团队成员要投入大量时间，研究关联问题、寻找标杆企业、进行参观访问，以及执行标杆分析， 使得他们不得不脱离日常工作，因此，需要有替代人员在项目期间，执行他们的正常工作任务。
- 数据库成本 - 标杆分析已形成制度化的公司发现，创建并维护一个包含最佳实践以及最佳实践公司信息的数据库非常有用。
标杆分析的局限
- 标杆分析是一个艰巨的过程，项目团队要有巨大的奉献精神。
- 耗费时间，成本昂贵。
- 实践中不少标杆分析往往以“我们和他们情况不一样”为诊断结果而告终，或者由于竞争敏感而得不到必需的信息。
- 最好与同类中的佼佼者进行标杆分析，而且要做到长期持续的标杆分析，因为标杆对象也在不断提高。
- 标杆对象的成功确实取决于那些被用来比较参照的实践吗？ 公司在战略、规模、模式、文化上有无可比性？
- 采用标杆对象的实践对自己公司有无不利影响？
参考书： Christopher E. Bogan， Michael J. English - Benchmarking for Best Practices [中译本《竞争性标杆管理》，经济科学出版社，2004] - 
参考书： Peter Bolstorff， Robert Rosenbaum - Supply Chain Excellence -
参考书： Joe Zhu - Quantitative Models for Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking -
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 关键在于标竿企业的选定
个人认为，标竿分析是否有意义，关键在于标竿企业的选定。同时，也要界定所选定之标竿企业(或组织)，究竟是哪个项目(流程变革、技术层次、管理层次、企业文化、经营成果)作为量测参...
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Benchmarking Graphics
Performing a benchmark basically means comparing your organization with other organizations and acting on the difference.
What graphics do you prefer to do the comparison?
In industry benchmarking or competitor analysis I prefer the medi...
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Benchmarking Approaches
Processing a benchmark often means investing a lot of time in getting relevant data and determining the best practices. What approaches do you use to get data? Most used systems are:
- Custom-made benchmarking system with online data delivery to...
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Upgrade to ISO9001:2015 from ISO9001:2008
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Benchmarking Websites
In the past I had access to PwC's globalbestpractices.com, a product no longer offered by PwC.
They provided benchmarking reports using an exchange of information basis. Clients who participate in one of the benchmarking survey tools received re...
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Benchmarking Notes of Caution
1. Be sure apples are being benchmarked with apples only, and not with oranges. Believe me this is not an easy task.
2. Products are benchmarked based on their features having perceived utilities by the end beneficiary, which may not be the same...
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Hospital Benchmarking
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Benchmarking for Monopolies?
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Conditions for Successful Benchmarking
Benchmarking is OBTAINED from the observation of other firms that are identified as the best (or sufficiently good) in the processes of interest.
Benchmarking is AIMED at improving the processes of an organization. It aims to achieve maxim...
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Benchmarking is One Source of Progress
Benchmarking seems to be one source of progress, it is a vision of the way to act to become the best one.
But it is always the use that the peoples do with the tools, desire of change? Desire of progress for what? With whom and why?...
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Airlines Benchmarking
If anybody has review of airlines organization benchmarking, please let me know.....
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IT Process Cycle Efficiency Benchmark
Does any one have an idea for the benchmark 'Process Cycle Efficiency in IT Processes' (specifically the ITIL change management process). Thanks for your comment!...
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Benchmarking Benefits
From my experience and study, I found additional to the mentioned benefits the following list of benchmarking advantages:
1. Define the price per unit of the product / service.
2. Use results to improve your organization strategy.
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Benchmark in Value Chain Analysis
Benchmarking is a framework based on recommendations from the findings. This is a tool that can help to evaluate the action plan from time to an other. By benchmarking, you can know whether an institution is stagnant or dynamic....
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The Role of Benchmarking in Production vs. Quality
I'm in charge of both production and quality in my company. Given that those two functions are usually in collision, how can benchmarking help me to manage both functions efficiently without antagonism?...
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Benchmarking in Sailing
I'm trying to do benchmarking in sailing, it's the first time that my country is working in this project therefore I need some useful information in this matter. Is there anybody who can help me?...
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Benchmarking is a Reference Point
The way I see it, benchmarking is a reference point that is used as a comparison to everything that follows. If there is a new process in manufacturing and an audit it to be administered, then the first one becomes the benchmark to where all others a...
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标杆分析 小组
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标杆分析 培训|活动
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 Best Practices or Next Practices?
C.K. Prahalad says best practices take companies only so far. At best they allow firms to catch up with their competitors, but it will not make them market leaders. Prahalad, who is obviously not the biggest fan of benchmarking, advises to loo...
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Top 20 Benchmarking Mistakes
Below follows a list that I assembled of the most crucial benchmarking errors:
1. Not having concrete goals and objectives
2. Not est...
Usage (application)Checklist of Things to Avoid
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How to Avoid Subjectivity in Benchmarking
The issue about best practices is that they're subjective given that organizations operating within the same industry are highly likely to have varyin...
Usage (application)How to Correct for Environmental Factors
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3 Crucial Elements for Benchmarking
Benchmarking is a continuous, systematic process for evaluating the products, services and work processes of organizations that are recognized as repr...
Usage (application)Things to Remember when Planning Benchmarking
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Avoiding Cognitive Biases During Benchmarking
To discover correctly what makes a business successful one has to look at BOTH thriving AND floundering companies to spot the qualities that separate ...
Usage (application)Benchmarking Best Practice
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How to Select the Benchmarking Team
One of the most important elements in the preparation phase of a benchmark is the selection of the benchmarking team.
Although benchmarking can ...
Usage (application)Benchmarking Implementation
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The Benchmarking Applications and Categories
You can benchmark any function or characteristic that you can observe or measure. Typically, the main categories used in benchmarking are:
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Usage (application)What can be Benchmarked?
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Avoiding Cognitive Biases During Benchmarking
During World War 2 the statistician A. Wald was assessing the vulnerability of airplanes to enemy fire. All the available data showed that some parts ...
Usage (application)Classical Example
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